How to format your references using the Public Health Forum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Public Health Forum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Carr LD. Physics. Negative temperatures? Science. 2013 Jan 4;339(6115):42–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Catania KC, Remple FE. Asymptotic prey profitability drives star-nosed moles to the foraging speed limit. Nature. 2005 Feb 3;433(7025):519–22.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fan C, Li J, Wang L. Phase transitions, mechanical properties and electronic structures of novel boron phases under high-pressure: a first-principles study. Sci Rep. 2014 Oct 27;4:6786.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mendillo M, Withers P, Hinson D, Rishbeth H, Reinisch B. Effects of solar flares on the ionosphere of Mars. Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1135–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Baker KR. Optimization Modeling with Spreadsheets. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Yang ZZ. Capture and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide with Polyethylene Glycol. Song QW, He LN, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science).

A chapter in an edited book

Hill LG. Classical Theory of Thermal Criticality. In: Asay BW, editor. Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol 5: Non-Shock Initiation of Explosives. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 129–243.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Public Health Forum.

Blog post

Andrew E. Men Walk On Ice As Clear As Glass [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/men-walk-ice-clear-glass/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Reply to the Health, Education, and Welfare on Recommendations Made in the GAO Report to the Congress. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972 Sep. Report No.: B-117604(7).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carver JR. CMO: Chief Marketing Officer or chief “marginalized” officer [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. Brookhaven Lab Avoids Cuts in Budget. New York Times. 2007 Mar 25;14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Carr 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Catania and Remple 2005; Carr 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Catania and Remple 2005)
Three or more authors: (Mendillo et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Public Health Forum
Abbreviation	Publ. Health For.
ISSN (print)	0944-5587
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health