How to format your references using the Public Health Forum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Public Health Forum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wolfe SM. Medicine. Ephedra--scientific evidence versus money/politics. Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):437.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yoon SJ, Lee YW. An aligned stream of low-metallicity clusters in the halo of the Milky Way. Science. 2002 Jul 26;297(5581):578–81.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nowak MA, Komarova NL, Niyogi P. Computational and evolutionary aspects of language. Nature. 2002 Jun 6;417(6889):611–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Emilsson V, Ilkov M, Lamb JR, Finkel N, Gudmundsson EF, Pitts R, et al. Co-regulatory networks of human serum proteins link genetics to disease. Science. 2018 Aug 24;361(6404):769–73.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ibe EH. Terrestrial Radiation Effects in ULSI Devices and Electronic Systems. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Orey M, Jones SA, Branch RM, editors. Educational Media and Technology Yearbook: Volume 38. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. (Educational Media and Technology Yearbook; vol. 38).

A chapter in an edited book

Salah A, Outbib R, Gaber J. Simulation and Control of PEMFCS Thermal Behavior. In: Basualdo MS, Feroldi D, Outbib R, editors. PEM Fuel Cells with Bio-Ethanol Processor Systems: A Multidisciplinary Study of Modelling, Simulation, Fault Diagnosis and Advanced Control. London: Springer; 2012. p. 117–49. (Green Energy and Technology).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Public Health Forum.

Blog post

Andrew E. Rare Genus Of Plants Named After Sir David Attenborough [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sir-david-attenborough-inspired-biologists-name-genus-rare-plant-after-him/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Continued Improvements in Investment Oversight and Management Can Yield Billions in Savings. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Apr. Report No.: GAO-11-511T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Eggleston BP. An Investigation of the Difference in Student Achievement during the Middle School Transition Years [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J. Donald Trump Hits the Town. New York Times. 2016 Nov 19;A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wolfe 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Yoon and Lee 2002; Wolfe 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yoon and Lee 2002)
Three or more authors: (Emilsson et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Public Health Forum
Abbreviation	Publ. Health For.
ISSN (print)	0944-5587
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health