How to format your references using the Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dever TE. Molecular biology. A new start for protein synthesis. Science. 2012; 336: 1645–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Makeyev EV, Maniatis T. Multilevel regulation of gene expression by microRNAs. Science. 2008; 319: 1789–90.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhu Z, Cheng Y, Schwingenschlögl U. Pressure controlled transition into a self-induced topological superconducting surface state. Sci. Rep. 2014; 4: 4025.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Dinh C-T, Burdyny T, Kibria MG, Seifitokaldani A, Gabardo CM, García de Arquer FP, et al. CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science. 2018; 360: 783–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tunley M, Whittaker A, Gee J, Button M. The Accredited Counter Fraud Specialist Handbook. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Murgante B, Misra S, Carlini M, Torre CM, Nguyen H-Q, Taniar D, et al. (eds.). Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2013: 13th International Conference, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, June 24-27, 2013, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Shiotani M, Komaguchi K. Deuterium Labeling Studies and Quantum Effects of Radicals in Solids. In: Lund A, Shiotani M (eds.). EPR of Free Radicals in Solids I: Trends in Methods and Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. p. 171–221.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences.

Blog post

Andrew E. If Everyone Lived in An ‘Ecovillage’, the Earth Would Still be in Trouble. IFLScience. 2015; [Cited 2018 Oct 30] Available from https://www.iflscience.com/environment/if-everyone-lived-ecovillage-earth-would-still-be-trouble/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. An Approach to the Audit of Research and Development Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1969.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ramakrishnan T. Rehabilitating Asymmetric Gait Using Asymmetry. 2017;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Quain JR. Self-Driving Cars Might Need Standards, but Whose? New York Times. 2017; : B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
Abbreviation	Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci.
ISSN (print)	1323-1316
ISSN (online)	1440-1819
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Psychiatry and Mental health General Neuroscience Neurology

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