How to format your references using the Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Greenfield PM. Technology and informal education: what is taught, what is learned. Science. 2009; 323: 69–71.

A journal article with 2 authors

Turecek R, Trussell LO. Presynaptic glycine receptors enhance transmitter release at a mammalian central synapse. Nature. 2001; 411: 587–90.

A journal article with 3 authors

Draghici C, Wang T, Spiegel DA. Concise total synthesis of glucosepane. Science. 2015; 350: 294–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Alvarez-Vasquez F, Sims KJ, Cowart LA, Okamoto Y, Voit EO, Hannun YA. Simulation and validation of modelled sphingolipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature. 2005; 433: 425–30.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Studer Q. Results that Last. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Daepp U. Reading, Writing, and Proving: A Closer Look at Mathematics. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Senikovskaya I. Biota of Typical Chernozem Under Different Land Uses in Long-Term Field Experiments. In: Dent D (ed.). Soil as World Heritage. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 21–7.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences.

Blog post

Carpineti A. A New Quantum Teleportation Record Has Been Broken. IFLScience. 2016; [Cited 2018 Oct 30] Available from https://www.iflscience.com/space/a-new-quantum-teleportation-record-has-been-broken/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Security: Action Needed to Strengthen TSA’s Security Threat Assessment Process. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kranz TE. Body, Land, and Memory: Counter-Narratives in the Poetry of Minnie Bruce Pratt, Brenda Marie Osbey, and Natasha Trethewey. 2017;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Landler M, Alcindor Y. Condolence Call to Widow Ignites Trump Imbroglio. New York Times. 2017; : A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
Abbreviation	Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci.
ISSN (print)	1323-1316
ISSN (online)	1440-1819
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Psychiatry and Mental health General Neuroscience Neurology