How to format your references using the Psychiatric Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Psychiatric Clinics of North America (PSC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gee H. Developmental biology: a brainy background. Nature 2012;483:280.

A journal article with 2 authors

Raes F., Swart R. Climate change. Climate assessment: what’s next? Science 2007;318:1386.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xiao S., Li R., Chen M. Detecting sedimentary cycles using autocorrelation of grain size. Sci Rep 2013;3:1653.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Troccoli M., Belyanin A., Capasso F., et al. Raman injection laser. Nature 2005;433:845–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Penner T., Lopez DC. De-Introducing the New Testament. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Davison SG. Green-Function Theory of Chemisorption. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Gärtner B., Matoušek J. Duality and Cone Programming. In: Matousek J, editor. Approximation Algorithms and Semidefinite Programming. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 45–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Psychiatric Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Davis J. Humans And Neanderthals Mated More Recently Than Thought. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/humans-and-neandertals-mated-more-recently-thought/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Guaranteed Student Loans: Eliminating Interest Rate Floors Could Generate Substantial Savings. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Blazer AE. “I Am Otherwise”: The Romance Between Poetry and Theory After the Death of the Subject. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 2003.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Grazda E., Leland J. Before the Gentry Moved In. New York Times 2017:MB8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Psychiatric Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Psychiatr. Clin. North Am.
ISSN (print)	0193-953X
ISSN (online)	1558-3147
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health