How to format your references using the Psychiatric Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Psychiatric Clinics of North America (PSC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ellerbroek B. Astronomical instrumentation: Atmospheric blurring has a new enemy. Nature 2014;512:144–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Willis KJ., Bhagwat SA. Ecology. Biodiversity and climate change. Science 2009;326:806–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Devincre B., Hoc T., Kubin L. Dislocation mean free paths and strain hardening of crystals. Science 2008;320:1745–8.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Funes S., Davidson E., Reyes-Prieto A., et al. A green algal apicoplast ancestor. Science 2002;298:2155.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Linder B. Thermodynamics and Introductory Statistical Mechanics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Turban E. Social Commerce: Marketing, Technology and Management. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Jiang T., Yan X., Han Z. The Comparison and Analysis of GP, GEP and GEP_EDA in Modeling System. In: Cai Z, Tong H, Kang Z et al., editors. Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Systems: 5th International Symposium, ISICA 2010, Wuhan, China, October 22-24, 2010. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 37–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Psychiatric Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Luntz S. Monkey Think, Other Monkey Do. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/monkey-think-other-monkey-do/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Advanced Imaging Technology: TSA Needs Additional Information before Procuring Next-Generation Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mc Adams AN. School psychologists’ perceptions of procedural fidelity in special education. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barry D. A Singular Moment, And a Mix of Emotion Stored for a Decade. New York Times 2011:F9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Psychiatric Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Psychiatr. Clin. North Am.
ISSN (print)	0193-953X
ISSN (online)	1558-3147
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health