How to format your references using the Postharvest Biology and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Postharvest Biology and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lincoln, T., 2000. Cardiac arrest can be less of a gamble. Nature 408, 302.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schmerr, N., Garnero, E.J., 2007. Upper mantle discontinuity topography from thermal and chemical heterogeneity. Science 318, 623–626.

A journal article with 3 authors

Taneike, M., Abe, F., Sawada, K., 2003. Creep-strengthening of steel at high temperatures using nano-sized carbonitride dispersions. Nature 424, 294–296.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kéïta, L., Guy, J., Berthiaume, C., Mottron, L., Bertone, A., 2014. An early origin for detailed perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: biased sensitivity for high-spatial frequency information. Sci. Rep. 4, 5475.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McAulay, A.D., 2011. Military Laser Technology for Defense. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Dhiman, R., 2015. Compact Models and Performance Investigations for Subthreshold Interconnects, Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering. Springer India, New Delhi.

A chapter in an edited book

Scherer, L., Rossi, J.J., 2005. Cancer Therapeutic Applications of Ribozymes and RNAi, in: Curiel, D.T., Douglas, J.T. (Eds.), Cancer Gene Therapy, Contemporary Cancer Research. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp. 51–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Postharvest Biology and Technology.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2014. Higgs Boson Seen At Work For The First Time [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/physics/higgs-boson-seen-work-first-time/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1996. Content Analysis: A Methodology for Structuring and Analyzing Written Material (No. PEMD-10.3.1). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gage, J.D., 2009. An inconsistency-based approach for sensing assessment in unknown environments (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K., 2008. Salads, Sandwiches, And Parking. New York Times NJ6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lincoln, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Lincoln, 2000; Schmerr and Garnero, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schmerr and Garnero, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Kéïta et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Postharvest Biology and Technology
Abbreviation	Postharvest Biol. Technol.
ISSN (print)	0925-5214
Scope	Agronomy and Crop Science Food Science Horticulture