How to format your references using the Portuguese Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Portuguese Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Adam, David, ‘Field Trials Excluded from UK Crop Appraisal’, Nature, 420.6915 (2002), p. 453

A journal article with 2 authors

Forneris, Federico, and Andrea Mattevi, ‘Enzymes without Borders: Mobilizing Substrates, Delivering Products’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 321.5886 (2008), pp. 213–16

A journal article with 3 authors

McCord, T. B., G. B. Hansen, and C. A. Hibbitts, ‘Hydrated Salt Minerals on Ganymede’s Surface: Evidence of an Ocean Below’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 292.5521 (2001), pp. 1523–25

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Clark, P. U., S. J. Marshall, G. K. Clarke, S. W. Hostetler, J. M. Licciardi, and J. T. Teller, ‘Freshwater Forcing of Abrupt Climate Change during the Last Glaciation’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 293.5528 (2001), pp. 283–87

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Douglas, James, and Edward A. Noy, Building Surveys and Reports (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010)

An edited book

Kacsuk, Péter, Thomas Fahringer, and Zsolt Németh, eds., Distributed and Parallel Systems: From Cluster to Grid Computing (Springer US, 2007)

A chapter in an edited book

Levine, Ned, ‘A Motor Vehicle Safety Planning Support System: The Houston Experience’, in Planning Support Systems Best Practice and New Methods, ed. by Stan Geertman and John Stillwell, The GeoJournal Library (Springer Netherlands, 2009), pp. 93–111

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Portuguese Studies.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen, ‘Plague Outbreak In USA Is Traced To Pet Dog’, IFLScience (IFLScience, 2015)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, Integration of Current Implementation Efforts with Long-Term Planning for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (U.S. Government Printing Office, 22 November 2010)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gikiri, Monicah M., ‘Effects of Attitude, Norms, and Perceived Behavior Control on Intentions to Become a Teen Father’ (unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2012)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, Kelly, ‘A Chicken on Every Grill For Latin-Style Tastes’, New York Times, 3 February 2008, p. NJ6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Portuguese Studies
ISSN (print)	0267-5315
ISSN (online)	2222-4270
Scope	History Literature and Literary Theory Cultural Studies