How to format your references using the Portuguese Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Portuguese Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Li, W. K. W., ‘Macroecological Patterns of Phytoplankton in the Northwestern North Atlantic Ocean’, Nature, 419.6903 (2002), pp. 154–57

A journal article with 2 authors

Doma, Meenakshi K., and Roy Parker, ‘Endonucleolytic Cleavage of Eukaryotic MRNAs with Stalls in Translation Elongation’, Nature, 440.7083 (2006), pp. 561–64

A journal article with 3 authors

Gagneux, Pascal, James J. Moore, and Ajit Varki, ‘The Ethics of Research on Great Apes’, Nature, 437.7055 (2005), pp. 27–29

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Iye, Masanori, Kazuaki Ota, Nobunari Kashikawa, Hisanori Furusawa, Tetsuya Hashimoto, Takashi Hattori, and others, ‘A Galaxy at a Redshift z = 6.96’, Nature, 443.7108 (2006), pp. 186–88

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety, Tools for Making Acute Risk Decisions (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994)

An edited book

Cruz, Isabel, Stefan Decker, Dean Allemang, Chris Preist, Daniel Schwabe, Peter Mika, and others, eds., The Semantic Web - ISWC 2006: 5th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2006, Athens, GA, USA, November 5-9, 2006. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer, 2006), mmmmcclxxiii

A chapter in an edited book

Wilson, Thomas L., Kristen Rohlfs, and Susanne Hüttemeister, ‘Signal Processing and Receivers: Theory’, in Tools of Radio Astronomy, ed. by Kristen Rohlfs and Susanne Hüttemeister, Astronomy and Astrophysics Library (Springer, 2009), pp. 55–78

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Portuguese Studies.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, Jonathan, ‘47 Years On, Relive The Apollo 11 Moon Landing Through These Historic Photos’, IFLScience (IFLScience, 2016) <https://www.iflscience.com/space/47-years-on-relive-the-apollo-11-moon-landing-through-these-historic-photos/> [accessed 30 October 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, NASA: Constellation Program Cost and Schedule Will Remain Uncertain Until a Sound Business Case Is Established (U.S. Government Printing Office, 26 August 2009)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Funderburk, James, ‘Modern Variation in Predation Intensity: Constraints on Assessing Predator-Prey Relationships in Paleoecologic Reconstructions’ (unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, 2010)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Allen, George, and Paul Goldman, ‘Little Restored Schoolhouse’, New York Times, 13 October 2009, p. A31

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Portuguese Studies
ISSN (print)	0267-5315
ISSN (online)	2222-4270
Scope	History Literature and Literary Theory Cultural Studies