How to format your references using the Police Practice and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Police Practice and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Carpick, R. W. (2006). Physics. Controlling friction. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5784), 184–185.

A journal article with 2 authors

Inoue, J., & Ohno, H. (2005). Physics. Taking the hall effect for a spin. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5743), 2004–2005.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gerber, L. R., Hyrenbach, K. D., & Zacharias, M. A. (2005). Ecology. Do the largest protected areas conserve whales or whalers? Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5709), 525–526.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Bobis-Wozowicz, S., Galla, M., Alzubi, J., Kuehle, J., Baum, C., Schambach, A., & Cathomen, T. (2014). Non-integrating gamma-retroviral vectors as a versatile tool for transient zinc-finger nuclease delivery. Scientific Reports, 4, 4656.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fell, G. J. (2013). Decoding the IT Value Problem. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hadzic, F. (2010). Mining of Data with Complex Structures (H. Tan & T. S. Dillon, Eds.; Vol. 333). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Lai, Y.-C., & Tél, T. (2011). Noise and Transient Chaos. In T. Tél (Ed.), Transient Chaos: Complex Dynamics on Finite Time Scales (pp. 107–143). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Police Practice and Research.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, November 11). Court Drops Charges Against Cecil The Lion Hunter. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/court-drops-charges-against-cecil-the-lion-hunter/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1990). Impact Aid: Most School Construction Requests Are Unfunded and Outdated (HRD-90-90). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Paustian, M. E. (2010). Evaluating competition between the non-native slug Arion subfuscus and the native slug Philomycus carolinianus [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M. J. O. (2015, December 4). Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times. New York Times, C32.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Carpick, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Carpick, 2006; Inoue & Ohno, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Inoue & Ohno, 2005)
Three authors: (Gerber et al., 2005)
6 or more authors: (Bobis-Wozowicz et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Police Practice and Research
Abbreviation	Police Pract. Res.
ISSN (print)	1561-4263
ISSN (online)	1477-271X
Scope	Social Sciences (miscellaneous) Law