How to format your references using the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barrett CB. Measuring food insecurity. Science. 2010;327(5967):825-828.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chu S, Majumdar A. Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future. Nature. 2012;488(7411):294-303.

A journal article with 3 authors

Luo C, Wang X, Liu H. Controllability of time-delayed Boolean multiplex control networks under asynchronous stochastic update. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7522.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Itkis ME, Borondics F, Yu A, Haddon RC. Bolometric infrared photoresponse of suspended single-walled carbon nanotube films. Science. 2006;312(5772):413-416.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Diamond D. Trading as a Business. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

Gerecke R. Süßwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, Bd. 7/2-3 Chelicerata: Acari III. 1st ed. 2016. (Gledhill T, Pešić V, Smit H, eds.). Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Raghavan P. Web Search: Bridging Information Retrieval and Microeconomic Modeling. In: Aluru S, Parashar M, Badrinath R, Prasanna VK, eds. High Performance Computing – HiPC 2007: 14th International Conference, Goa, India, December 18-21, 2007. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2007:6-6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew D. Why Zebra Refused To Be Saddled With Domesticity. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Strong Leadership and Effective Partnerships Needed to Reduce Likelihood of Adverse Impact. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wilkerson K. A Comprehensive Educational Program for Male and Female Teen Parents: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. MOSCOW: THE BALLERINA SUES. New York Times. October 27, 2003:E2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Abbreviation	Plast. Reconstr. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0032-1052
ISSN (online)	1529-4242
Scope	Surgery