How to format your references using the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blencowe M. Physics. Nanomechanical quantum limits. Science. 2004;304(5667):56-57.

A journal article with 2 authors

Herzog MH, Fahle M. Effects of grouping in contextual modulation. Nature. 2002;415(6870):433-436.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tamsir A, Tabor JJ, Voigt CA. Robust multicellular computing using genetically encoded NOR gates and chemical “wires.” Nature. 2011;469(7329):212-215.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lakhani SA, Masud A, Kuida K, et al. Caspases 3 and 7: key mediators of mitochondrial events of apoptosis. Science. 2006;311(5762):847-851.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pines JM, Carpenter CR, Raja AS, Schuur JD. Evidence-Based Emergency Care. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Bock HG, Kostina E, Phu HX, Rannacher R, eds. Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Processes: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on High Performance Scientific Computing, March 6–10, 2006, Hanoi, Vietnam. Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Cristea IA, Stefan S, David O, Mogoase C, Dobrean A. Rational Stories for Children. A Rational Emotive Education Protocol for Approaching Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Based on the Stories Book The Retmagic and Wonderful Adventures of Retman. In: Stefan S, David O, Mogoase C, Dobrean A, eds. REBT in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adults. SpringerBriefs in Psychology. Springer International Publishing; 2016:69-79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew D. How Mapping Teenagers’ Brains Has Helped Us Understand More About Schizophrenia. IFLScience. March 13, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-mapping-teenagers-brains-has-helped-us-understand-more-about-schizophrenia/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Comments on Loan Guarantee Provisions of H.R. 13350, the 1977 Authorization Bill for the Energy Research and Development Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tapal SS. Is the Fourth Generation of Six Sigma an Effective Professional Development Model in K-12 Education? Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J. Old Board, Hub’s Heart, Goes Out of Service. New York Times. January 24, 2017:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Abbreviation	Plast. Reconstr. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0032-1052
ISSN (online)	1529-4242
Scope	Surgery