How to format your references using the PhytoKeys citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PhytoKeys. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Norton DA (2009) Species invasions and the limits to restoration: learning from the New Zealand experience. Science (New York, N.Y.) 325: 569–571.

A journal article with 2 authors

Messina R, Ben-Abdallah P (2013) Graphene-based photovoltaic cells for near-field thermal energy conversion. Scientific reports 3: 1383.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hwang TJ, Carpenter D, Kesselheim AS (2014) Target small firms for antibiotic innovation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 344: 967–969.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Georgiou G, Tyagi HK, Mulder P, Bauhuis GJ, Schermer JJ, Rivas JG (2014) Photo-generated THz antennas. Scientific reports 4: 3584.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gaynor GH (2014) Decisions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Doumpos M, Zopounidis C, Grigoroudis E (Eds) (2016) 241 Robustness Analysis in Decision Aiding, Optimization, and Analytics. Springer International Publishing, Cham, XXI, 321 p. 65 illus., 27 illus. in color pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Baliga RR (2015) Neurohormonal Blockade in Heart Failure. In: Baliga RR, Haas GJ (Eds), Management of Heart Failure: Volume 1: Medical. Springer, London, 77–111.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PhytoKeys.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Transplanted Neural Stem Cells Successfully Integrate Into The Brain. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/transplanted-neural-stem-cells-successfully-integrate-brain/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1983) Poor Design and Management Hamper Army’s Basic Skills Education Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jennings S (2015) Hiring, promotions, and identity negotiation of female hiring agents in American corporate retail. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B (2017) You’re a Bot? Rock On. New York Times: B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Norton 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Norton 2009, Messina and Ben-Abdallah 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Messina and Ben-Abdallah 2013)
Three or more authors: (Georgiou et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	PhytoKeys
ISSN (print)	1314-2011
ISSN (online)	1314-2003
Scope