How to format your references using the Physics of the Dark Universe citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics of the Dark Universe. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. Adam, Plans for GM livestock fail the poor, Nature 411 (2001) 403.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

K. Ogura, H. Okamura, Conformational change of Sos-derived proline-rich peptide upon binding Grb2 N-terminal SH3 domain probed by NMR, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2913.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

N.J. Mosey, M.H. Müser, T.K. Woo, Molecular mechanisms for the functionality of lubricant additives, Science 307 (2005) 1612–1615.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

G.F. Späth, L.-F. Lye, H. Segawa, D.L. Sacks, S.J. Turco, S.M. Beverley, Persistence without pathology in phosphoglycan-deficient Leishmania major, Science 301 (2003) 1241–1243.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

L.H. Ziska, J.S. Dukes, Weed Biology and Climate Change, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

W.T. Ingram, Inverse Limits: From Continua to Chaos, Springer, New York, NY, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Majumder, S. Ghosh, Nature-Based Algorithms, in: S. Ghosh (Ed.), Decision Making Algorithms for Hydro-Power Plant Location, Springer, Singapore, 2013: pp. 27–34.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics of the Dark Universe.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, Why We Become More Forgetful With Age – And What You Can Do About It, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/brain/why-we-become-more-forgetful-with-age-and-what-you-can-do-about-it/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Spectrum Management: Further Consideration of Options to Improve Receiver Performance Needed, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.S. Johnston, Echo in Three Acts: The Lost Historical Subject in (Dis)articulation, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Kishkovsky, A TV Extravaganza of Music! Comedy! Militia! K.G.B.!, New York Times (2005) A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics of the Dark Universe
ISSN (print)	2212-6864
Scope	Space and Planetary Science Astronomy and Astrophysics