How to format your references using the Physics of the Dark Universe citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics of the Dark Universe. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P.E. Pormann, Interdisciplinarity: Inside Manchester’s “arts lab,” Nature 525 (2015) 318–319.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

I. Mellman, B.E. Clausen, Immunology. Beta-catenin balances immunity, Science 329 (2010) 767–769.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

H.J. Parker, M.E. Bronner, R. Krumlauf, A Hox regulatory network of hindbrain segmentation is conserved to the base of vertebrates, Nature 514 (2014) 490–493.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

R.B. Alley, S. Anandakrishnan, T.K. Dupont, B.R. Parizek, D. Pollard, Effect of sedimentation on ice-sheet grounding-line stability, Science 315 (2007) 1838–1841.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S. Gardner, S. Birley, Blogging for Dummies®, Wiley Publishing, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

H. Schomburg, U. Teichler, eds., Employability and Mobility of Bachelor Graduates in Europe: Key Results of the Bologna Process, SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

K. Hoeyer, Denmark at a Crossroad? Intensified Data Sourcing in a Research Radical Country, in: B.D. Mittelstadt, L. Floridi (Eds.), The Ethics of Biomedical Big Data, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 73–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics of the Dark Universe.

Blog post

[1]

B. Taub, Restrictive Texas Abortion Law Struck Down By Supreme Court, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/restrictive-texas-abortion-law-struck-down-supreme-court/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Surface Effect Ships, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.T. Simon, Classification of Mechanical and Electrical Response of High Performance Fiber Reinforced-Geopolymer Composites (HPFR-GPC), Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Kenigsberg, The Listings: Film Series, New York Times (2016) C26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics of the Dark Universe
ISSN (print)	2212-6864
Scope	Space and Planetary Science Astronomy and Astrophysics