How to format your references using the Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C. Funk, We thought trouble was coming, Nature 476 (2011) 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H.A. Ruhl, K.L. Smith Jr, Shifts in deep-sea community structure linked to climate and food supply, Science 305 (2004) 513–515.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Scholz, C.-C. Lo, P.S.G. Chain, Improved assemblies using a source-agnostic pipeline for MetaGenomic Assembly by Merging (MeGAMerge) of contigs, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6480.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

F. Chan, J.A. Barth, J. Lubchenco, A. Kirincich, H. Weeks, W.T. Peterson, B.A. Menge, Emergence of anoxia in the California current large marine ecosystem, Science 319 (2008) 920.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Pischella, D. Le Ruyet, Digital Communications 2, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

N. Bergemann, A. Riecher-Rössler, eds., Estrogen Effects in Psychiatric Disorders, Springer, Vienna, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

F.L. Meyskens, S. Yang, Thinking About the Role (Largely Ignored) of Heavy Metals in Cancer Prevention: Hexavalent Chromium and Melanoma as a Case in Point, in: H.-J. Senn, F. Otto (Eds.), Clinical Cancer Prevention, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011: pp. 65–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures.

Blog post

[1]

B. Taub, Why Do We Get Allergies?, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-do-we-get-allergies/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, GAO Report on Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Airport and Airway Trust Fund Excise Taxes, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S.J. Melhorn, The microstructure of food intake under conditions of high-fat diet, social stress and social subordination, Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G. Packer, A Historian in Camelot, New York Times (2013) BR9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures
Abbreviation	Physica E Low Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct.
ISSN (print)	1386-9477
Scope	Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics