How to format your references using the Photoacoustics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Photoacoustics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J. Siegel, Chemistry. Inventing the nanomolecular wheel, Science 310 (2005) 63–64.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. Wuchty, P. Uetz, Protein-protein Interaction Networks of E. coli and S. cerevisiae are similar, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 7187.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Assefa, F. Xia, Y.A. Vlasov, Reinventing germanium avalanche photodetector for nanophotonic on-chip optical interconnects, Nature 464 (2010) 80–84.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M. Cavey, M. Rauzi, P.-F. Lenne, T. Lecuit, A two-tiered mechanism for stabilization and immobilization of E-cadherin, Nature 453 (2008) 751–756.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T.M. Moe, J.E. Chubb, Liberating Learning, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2009.

An edited book

[1]

Y. Hamano, ed., Amino-Acid Homopolymers Occurring in Nature, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Hayashi, D.B. Edwards, Policy Intention versus Policy Implementation, in: Y. Kitamura, D.B. Edwards, C. Sitha, J.H. Williams (Eds.), The Political Economy of Schooling in Cambodia: Issues of Quality and Equity, Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, 2016: pp. 77–98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Photoacoustics.

Blog post

[1]

T. Hale, New Plans Show Autonomous Submarine Designed To Explore The Oceans Of Jupiter’s Moon, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-plans-show-autonomous-submarine-designed-to-explore-the-oceans-of-jupiters-moon/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Telecommunications: Development of Competition in Local Telephone Markets, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C. Camaya, Teachers’ perceptions of social skills instruction for children with autism spectrum disorders, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

C. Isherwood, Sigh No More; Let’s Twist and Shout, New York Times (2015) C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Photoacoustics
Abbreviation	Photoacoustics
ISSN (print)	2213-5979
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics