How to format your references using the PharmaNutrition citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmaNutrition. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Tian, Three giants tighten their grip, Nature. 528 (2015) S176-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. Sunami, K. Kurokawa, Recession Watch: No time for nationalism, Nature. 457 (2009) 960–961.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J.P. Blomster, H. Neff, M.D. Glascock, Olmec pottery production and export in ancient Mexico determined through elemental analysis, Science. 307 (2005) 1068–1072.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A. Rohrbach, C. Ballhaus, U. Golla-Schindler, P. Ulmer, V.S. Kamenetsky, D.V. Kuzmin, Metal saturation in the upper mantle, Nature. 449 (2007) 456–458.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

C.R. Bacon, Practical Risk-Adjusted Performance Measurement, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

R. Land, S. Bayne, eds., Digital Difference: Perspectives on Online Learning, SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J. Nie, Y. Qian, N. Cui, Enhanced Mirror Adaptive Random Testing Based on I/O Relation Analysis, in: Y. Wu (Ed.), Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering: Theory and Practice: Volume 1, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012: pp. 33–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmaNutrition.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Earth’s Primordial Atmosphere Lost Due To Relentless Small Impacts, IFLScience. (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Customs Automation: Observations on Selected Automated Commercial System Modules, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

E.M. Vidal, Alcohol disorder with hip or knee surgery: Postoperative alcohol disorder-related costs and length of stay, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

N. Casey, Colombia’s Leader Is Awarded Nobel Peace Prize for Work to End 52-Year War, New York Times. (2016) A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmaNutrition
Abbreviation	PharmaNutrition
ISSN (print)	2213-4344
Scope	Food Science Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology