How to format your references using the Performance Evaluation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Performance Evaluation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. Mackenzie, MATHEMATICS: Taking the Measure of the Wildest Dance on Earth, Science 290 (2000) 1883–1884.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D. Guy-Grand, P. Vassalli, Immunology. Tracing an orphan’s genealogy, Science 305 (2004) 185–187.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

P. Kareiva, A. Chang, M. Marvier, Environmental economics. Development and conservation goals in World Bank projects, Science 321 (2008) 1638–1639.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D. Chinchilla, C. Zipfel, S. Robatzek, B. Kemmerling, T. Nürnberger, J.D.G. Jones, G. Felix, T. Boller, A flagellin-induced complex of the receptor FLS2 and BAK1 initiates plant defence, Nature 448 (2007) 497–500.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D. Ralph, P. Graham, MMS: Technologies, Usage and Business Models, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2004.

An edited book

[1]

S. Kroop, A. Mikroyannidis, M. Wolpers, eds., Responsive Open Learning Environments: Outcomes of Research from the ROLE Project, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

R.I. Boţ, S.-M. Grad, G. Wanka, Almost Convex Functions: Conjugacy and Duality, in: D.T. Luc, A.M. Rubinov (Eds.), Generalized Convexity and Related Topics, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006: pp. 101–114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Performance Evaluation.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Designer Microbes Might Be Coming To A Gut Near You, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Analysis of “Florida’s Fair Share,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K.L. Yaudes, Change Your Category, Change Your Mind: The Mutability of Folk Models of Mental Health Disorders, Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

D.A. Kelly, Weekender | Lenox, Mass, New York Times (2004) F8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Performance Evaluation
ISSN (print)	0166-5316
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Software Modelling and Simulation