How to format your references using the Pediatric Annals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Annals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

van Dam K. A more attractive career. Nature. 2007;446(7138):946.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lazzaro BP, Rolff J. Immunology. Danger, microbes, and homeostasis. Science. 2011;332(6025):43-44.

A journal article with 3 authors

Maeda H, Norum DVL, Gallagher TF. Microwave manipulation of an atomic electron in a classical orbit. Science. 2005;307(5716):1757-1760.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Grünewald K, Desai P, Winkler DC, et al. Three-dimensional structure of herpes simplex virus from cryo-electron tomography. Science. 2003;302(5649):1396-1398.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ishiyama JT. Comparative Politics. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Lo Re G, Midiri M, eds. Crohn’s Disease: Radiological Features and Clinical-Surgical Correlations. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Aron ID, Leventhal DH, Sellmann M. A Totally Unimodular Description of the Consistent Value Polytope for Binary Constraint Programming. In: Beck JC, Smith BM, eds. Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems: Third International Conference, CPAIOR 2006, Cork, Ireland, May 31 - June 2, 2006. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2006:16-28.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Annals.

Blog post

Andrew E. Hunting For Living Fossils In Indonesian Waters. IFLScience. April 1, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/hunting-living-fossils-indonesian-waters/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Safety: Factors Affecting Involvement in Vehicle Crashes. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chaves JS. Novel Approach for the Creation of Thin Films and Interconnects Using Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Inkjet Technology and Bacteria. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: 7 Killed In North Caucasus Shootout. New York Times. January 28, 2005:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Annals
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Ann.
ISSN (print)	0090-4481
ISSN (online)	1938-2359
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health