How to format your references using the Palaios citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaios. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kojevnikov, A., 2007, Russian science: the little ball made science bigger: Nature, v. 449, p. 542.

A journal article with 2 authors

Medina-Elizalde, M., and Lea, D.W., 2005, The mid-Pleistocene transition in the tropical Pacific: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 310, p. 1009–1012.

A journal article with 3 authors

Immerzeel, W.W., van Beek, L.P.H., and Bierkens, M.F.P., 2010, Climate change will affect the Asian water towers: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 328, p. 1382–1385.

A journal article with 15 or more authors

Einwögerer, T., Friesinger, H., Händel, M., Neugebauer-Maresch, C., Simon, U., and Teschler-Nicola, M., 2006, Upper Palaeolithic infant burials: Nature, v. 444, p. 285.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Roy, D., and Rao, G.V., 2012, Elements of Structural Dynamics: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Wickramasinghe, N., Bali, R., Suomi, R., and Kirn, S. (eds.), 2012, Critical Issues for the Development of Sustainable E-health Solutions: Springer US, Boston, MA, XXXIV, 386 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Abdul-Latip, S.F., Reyhanitabar, M.R., Susilo, W., and Seberry, J., 2010, On the Security of NOEKEON against Side Channel Cube Attacks, in Kwak, J., Deng, R.H., Won, Y., and Wang, G., eds., Information Security, Practice and Experience: 6th International Conference, ISPEC 2010, Seoul, Korea, May 12-13, 2010. Proceedings: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, p. 45–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaios.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015, The Man Behind The Nobel Prize In Physics On Neutrinos And Their Mass: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/man-behind-nobel-prize-physics-neutrinos-and-their-mass/. Checked October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005, Electronic Government: Funding of the Office of Management and Budget’s Initiatives: U.S. Government Printing Office GAO-05-420.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bartenhagen, J., 2012, Transitioning organizations for sustainability: Exploring the intersection of sustainability, worldview, and organization development: Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K., 2006, So Greek, So Good: New York Times, p. NJ6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kojevnikov, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Medina-Elizalde and Lea, 2005; Kojevnikov, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Medina-Elizalde and Lea, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Einwögerer et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaios
Abbreviation	Palaios
ISSN (print)	0883-1351
ISSN (online)	1938-5323
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Palaeontology