How to format your references using the Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McDowell, N., 2003. Joint European plan will tackle Africa’s killer diseases. Nature 421, 5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Margolis, D., Bushman, F., 2014. HIV/AIDS. Persistence by proliferation? Science 345, 143–144.

A journal article with 3 authors

Neil, S.J.D., Zang, T., Bieniasz, P.D., 2008. Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu. Nature 451, 425–430.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sun, T., Patoine, C., Abu-Khalil, A., Visvader, J., Sum, E., Cherry, T.J., Orkin, S.H., Geschwind, D.H., Walsh, C.A., 2005. Early asymmetry of gene transcription in embryonic human left and right cerebral cortex. Science 308, 1794–1798.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Means, R.S., 2010. Green Building: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Lo Re, G., Midiri, M. (Eds.), 2016. Crohn’s Disease: Radiological Features and Clinical-Surgical Correlations. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Iqbal, M.W., Lipkin, M.E., Preminger, G.M., 2013. Percutaneous Stone Removal: Case Discussion on Stones in a Horseshoe Kidney, in: Nakada, S.Y., Pearle, M.S. (Eds.), Surgical Management of Urolithiasis: Percutaneous, Shockwave and Ureteroscopy. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 31–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Resurgent Pine Martens Could Be Good News For Red Squirrels [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1991. Education Grants Management: Actions Initiated to Correct Material Weaknesses (No. HRD-91-72). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wenzel, A.B., 2009. Learning the culture of teaching: A middle school perspective (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B., 2017. Prospero, Confined Yet Commanding. New York Times C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McDowell, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Margolis and Bushman, 2014; McDowell, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Margolis and Bushman, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Sun et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Abbreviation	Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol.
ISSN (print)	0031-0182
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Earth-Surface Processes Oceanography Palaeontology

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