How to format your references using the Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

von Hobe, M., 2007. Atmospheric science. Revisiting ozone depletion. Science 318, 1878–1879.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cheng, Z., Menees, T.M., 2004. RNA branching and debranching in the yeast retrovirus-like element Ty1. Science 303, 240–243.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sugase, K., Dyson, H.J., Wright, P.E., 2007. Mechanism of coupled folding and binding of an intrinsically disordered protein. Nature 447, 1021–1025.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhang, Y., Zhu, L., Wang, R., Miao, L., Jiang, H., Yuan, H., Ma, H., Chen, N., 2014. Genetic variants in let-7/Lin28 modulate the risk of oral cavity cancer in a Chinese Han population. Sci. Rep. 4, 7434.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lévy, P., 2013. The Semantic Sphere 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

D’Errico, F., Poggi, I., Vinciarelli, A., Vincze, L. (Eds.), 2015. Conflict and Multimodal Communication: Social Research and Machine Intelligence, Computational Social Sciences. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Aichernig, B.K., Lorber, F., Tappler, M., 2016. Conformance Checking of Real-Time Models, in: Ábrahám, E., Bonsangue, M., Johnsen, E.B. (Eds.), Theory and Practice of Formal Methods: Essays Dedicated to Frank de Boer on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 15–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2016. Will Taxpayers Foot The Cleanup Bill For Bankrupt Coal Companies? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/will-taxpayers-foot-cleanup-bill-bankrupt-coal-companies/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2007. Higher Education: Issues Related to Law School Accreditation (No. GAO-07-314). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sarachana, T., 2009. Investigation of post-transcriptional gene regulatory networks associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) by miRNA expression profiling of lymphoblastoid cell lines (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kulish, N., Clark, N., 2015. Warning Signs in the Mind of a Pilot Determined to Die. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (von Hobe, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Cheng and Menees, 2004; von Hobe, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cheng and Menees, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Abbreviation	Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol.
ISSN (print)	0031-0182
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Earth-Surface Processes Oceanography Palaeontology