How to format your references using the Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dalton, R., 2002. Dinosaur curators plot mating game. Nature 420, 259.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sharma, P., Allison, J.P., 2015. The future of immune checkpoint therapy. Science 348, 56–61.

A journal article with 3 authors

Prins, M.W., Welters, W.J., Weekamp, J.W., 2001. Fluid control in multichannel structures by electrocapillary pressure. Science 291, 277–280.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bidartondo, M.I., Redecker, D., Hijri, I., Wiemken, A., Bruns, T.D., Domínguez, L., Sérsic, A., Leake, J.R., Read, D.J., 2002. Epiparasitic plants specialized on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nature 419, 389–392.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Davino, C., Furno, M., Vistocco, D., 2014. Quantile Regression: Theory and Applications, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford.

An edited book

Hostettler, S., Gadgil, A., Hazboun, E. (Eds.), 2015. Sustainable Access to Energy in the Global South: Essential Technologies and Implementation Approaches. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Ahsan, J., Mordeson, J.N., Shabir, M., 2012. Fuzzy k-Ideals of Semirings, in: Mordeson, J.N., Shabir, Muhammad (Eds.), Fuzzy Semirings with Applications to Automata Theory, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 53–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2015. These Two Black Holes Are On The Brink Of Merging Into One [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/closest-ever-pair-merging-black-holes-spotted/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2004. Information Technology: FAA Has Many Investment Management Capabilities in Place, but More Oversight of Operational Systems Is Needed (No. GAO-04-822). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Borisova-Kidder, A., 2006. Meta-Analytical Estimates of Values of Environmental Services Enhanced by Government Agricultural Conservation Programs (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schilling, M.K., 2016. Simply Grand. New York Times M2218.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dalton, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Dalton, 2002; Sharma and Allison, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sharma and Allison, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Bidartondo et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Abbreviation	Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol.
ISSN (print)	0031-0182
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Earth-Surface Processes Oceanography Palaeontology