How to format your references using the Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Luo, J. 2014. Loops and autonomy promote evolvability of ecosystem networks. Sci. Rep. 4:6440.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sivanand, S. and K.E. Wellen. 2015. Molecular biology: Salvaging the genome. Nature 524:40–41.

A journal article with 3 authors

Maduwage, K., M.A. O’Leary and G.K. Isbister. 2014. Diagnosis of snake envenomation using a simple phospholipase A2 assay. Sci. Rep. 4:4827.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rajagopalan, H., A. Bardelli, C. Lengauer, K.W. Kinzler, B. Vogelstein and V.E. Velculescu. 2002. Tumorigenesis: RAF/RAS oncogenes and mismatch-repair status. Nature 418:934.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hochberg, Z. 2011. Evo-Devo of Child Growth. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Morandi, C. 2016. From Smart City to Smart Region: Digital Services for an Internet of Places, 1st ed. 2016 A. Rolando and S. Di Vita (eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Xiang, Y., D. Peng and Z. Yang. 2015. Future Work. In: D. Peng and Z. Yang (eds.), Blind Source Separation: Dependent Component Analysis. Springer, Singapore. pp.91–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. 2017. Proxima b, The Closest Exoplanet To Earth, Could Be Habitable. IFLScience. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/space/proxima-b-the-closest-exoplanet-to-earth-could-be-habitable/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1994. Surface Transportation: Tight Budget Environment Requires Sound Investment Strategy. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robert, N.A. 2017. Cortile: World Building & the Traveler Archetype. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Christie, R. 2016. Trump and Black America.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Luo, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Luo, 2014; Sivanand and Wellen, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sivanand and Wellen, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Rajagopalan et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences
ISSN (print)	0552-9034
ISSN (online)	2076-0906
Scope