How to format your references using the Paddy and Water Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Paddy and Water Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bonetta L (2006) Protein purification: cell or cell-free? Nature 439:1019

A journal article with 2 authors

Helms JA, Schneider RA (2003) Cranial skeletal biology. Nature 423:326–331

A journal article with 3 authors

Qvarnström A, Brommer JE, Gustafsson L (2006) Testing the genetics underlying the co-evolution of mate choice and ornament in the wild. Nature 441:84–86

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li C, Wu X-C, Rieppel O, et al (2008) An ancestral turtle from the Late Triassic of southwestern China. Nature 456:497–501

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Baban TM (2016) Shallow Foundations. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

LePage BA (ed) (2011) Wetlands: Integrating Multidisciplinary Concepts. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Terwijn SA (2010) Intuitionistic Logic and Computability Theory. In: Dawar A, Queiroz R de (eds) Logic, Language, Information and Computation: 17th International Workshop, WoLLIC 2010, Brasilia, Brazil, July 6-9, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 55–57

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Paddy and Water Environment.

Blog post

Andrews R (2017) Mammal-Like Ancestors Were The First Venomous Beasties On Earth. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mammallike-ancestors-were-the-first-venomous-beasties-on-earth/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Training Necessary to Address Data Reliability Issues in NASA Agreement Database and to Minimize Potential Competition with Commercial Sector. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Walker NA (2010) Mothers’ description of raising two children with an autism spectrum disorder: A case study. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S (1998) With a New Western Arrival, Moscow Rocks. New York Times 235

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bonetta 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Helms and Schneider 2003; Bonetta 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Helms and Schneider 2003)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Paddy and Water Environment
Abbreviation	Paddy Water Environ.
ISSN (print)	1611-2490
ISSN (online)	1611-2504
Scope	Agronomy and Crop Science Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology