How to format your references using the Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (OPRS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wileman T. Aggresomes and autophagy generate sites for virus replication. Science. 2006;312(5775):875-878.

A journal article with 2 authors

Campbell IH, O’Neill HSC. Evidence against a chondritic Earth. Nature. 2012;483(7391):553-558.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sekiguchi Y, Arai K, Kohshima S. Sleep behaviour: sleep in continuously active dolphins. Nature. 2006;441(7096):E9-10; discussion E11.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Struzhkin VV, Eremets MI, Gan W, Mao HK, Hemley RJ. Superconductivity in dense lithium. Science. 2002;298(5596):1213-1215.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lyatkher VM, Proudovsky AM. Hydraulic Modeling. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Stolfo SJ, Bellovin SM, Keromytis AD, Hershkop S, Smith SW, Sinclair S, eds. Insider Attack and Cyber Security: Beyond the Hacker. Vol 39. Springer US; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Li H, Sun Z, Lu K. Real-Time Tracking for Moving Target in WSN with Uncovered Holes. In: Spagnolo P, Mazzeo PL, Distante C, eds. Human Behavior Understanding in Networked Sensing: Theory and Applications of Networks of Sensors. Springer International Publishing; 2014:75-97.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. How To Teach All Students To Think Critically. IFLScience. December 22, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/how-teach-all-students-think-critically/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Airport Financing: Information on Airport Fees Paid by Airlines. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jahan M. A Policy to Protect Hoarders: An Analysis of Fair Housing Amendments Act, 1988. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. The Air Down There Soothes Feet. New York Times. September 23, 2010:E9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Abbreviation	Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0740-9303
ISSN (online)	1537-2677
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology Surgery