How to format your references using the Oncology Research and Treatment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Oncology Research and Treatment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kleiner K. Assault on batteries. Nature. 2006 Jun;441(7097):1046–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brongersma ML, Shalaev VM. Applied physics. The case for plasmonics. Science. 2010 Apr;328(5977):440–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alby K, Schaefer D, Bennett RJ. Homothallic and heterothallic mating in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Nature. 2009 Aug;460(7257):890–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Krishnakumar R, Gamble MJ, Frizzell KM, Berrocal JG, Kininis M, Kraus WL. Reciprocal binding of PARP-1 and histone H1 at promoters specifies transcriptional outcomes. Science. 2008 Feb;319(5864):819–21.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Flynn JR. How to Improve Your Mind. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

An edited book

Benth FE, Kholodnyi VA, Laurence P, editors. Quantitative Energy Finance: Modeling, Pricing, and Hedging in Energy and Commodity Markets. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Lanzillotta M, Stone JH, Della-Torre E. Plasmablasts: A Promising Biomarker in IgG4-Related Disease. In: Saito T, Stone JH, Nakashima H, Saeki T, Kawano M, editors. IgG4-Related Kidney Disease. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2016; pp 65–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Oncology Research and Treatment.

Blog post

Fang J. Squid and Humans Evolved the Same Eye [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 May [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/squid-and-humans-evolved-same-eye/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Railroad Safety: Status of Efforts to Improve Railroad Crossing Safety. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mahan CP. First to the finish line: A case study of first generation baccalaureate degree completers in the University of Maryland Student Support Services program. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper H, Gordon MR, Schmitt E. Defense Chief Maintains Distance From President. New York Times. 2017 Jun;A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Oncology Research and Treatment
Abbreviation	Oncol. Res. Treat.
ISSN (print)	2296-5270
ISSN (online)	2296-5262
Scope	Cancer Research Hematology Oncology