How to format your references using the BMJ citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMJ. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Steig EJ. Paleoclimate. No two latitudes alike. Science. 2001;293:2015–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tyc T, Zhang X. Forum Optics: Perfect lenses in focus. Nature. 2011;480:42–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bhavsar AP, Guttman JA, Finlay BB. Manipulation of host-cell pathways by bacterial pathogens. Nature. 2007;449:827–34.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rondeau G, Sánchez-Bayo F, Tennekes HA, et al. Delayed and time-cumulative toxicity of imidacloprid in bees, ants and termites. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5566.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Godula-Jopek A, Jehle W, Wellnitz J. Hydrogen Storage Technologies. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2012.

An edited book

Huopalahti R, López-Fandiño R, Anton M, et al., editors. Bioactive Egg Compounds. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Skyrms B. Discovering “Weight, or the Value of Knowledge”. In: Galavotti MC, ed. Cambridge and Vienna: Frank P. Ramsey and the Vienna Circle. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands 2006:55–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMJ.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Watch Live As A New Crew Launches To The ISS Tonight. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/watch-live-as-a-new-crew-launches-to-the-iss-tonight/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Icing and Winter Weather-Related Recommendations That NTSB Has Issued Since 1996 (GAO-10-679SP), an E-supplement to (GAO-10-678). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fonfa SL. The impact of increased security on the employment options and lives of people with severe disabilities. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Corkery M, de la MERCED MJ. Nordstrom Family to Consider Ways of Taking Chain Private. New York Times. 2017;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMJ
Abbreviation	BMJ
ISSN (print)	0959-8138
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
Scope