How to format your references using the Nuclear Medicine and Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nuclear Medicine and Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Subbaraman N. Public health: A burning issue. Nature 2014;513:S16-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Shirane M, Nakayama KI. Protrudin induces neurite formation by directional membrane trafficking. Science 2006;314:818–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Barta A, Dorner S, Polacek N. Mechanism of ribosomal peptide bond formation. Science 2001;291:203.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Sipkins DA, Wei X, Wu JW, Runnels JM, Côté D, Means TK, et al. In vivo imaging of specialized bone marrow endothelial microdomains for tumour engraftment. Nature 2005;435:969–73.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bradley RL Jr. Edison to Enron. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Oliveira CS, Roca A, Goula X, editors. Assessing and Managing Earthquake Risk: Geo-scientific and Engineering Knowledge for Earthquake Risk Mitigation: developments, tools, techniques. vol. 2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Schadendorf D, Kochs C, Livingstone E. Treatment of Primary Tumor and Locoregional Disease. In: Kochs C, Livingstone E, editors. Handbook of Cutaneous Melanoma: A Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment, Tarporley: Springer Healthcare Ltd.; 2013, p. 53–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nuclear Medicine and Biology.

Blog post

[1]

Evans K. Sleeping In On A Weekend Is Bad For Your Health, Study Finds. IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Federal Motor Vehicles: Private and State Practices Can Improve Fleet Management. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Klepper EM. Andragogy and Workplace Relationships: A Mixed-Methods Study Exploring Employees’ Perceptions of Their Relationships with Their Supervisors. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Crow K. They Say the Town Cars Are Three Wide on Broadway. New York Times 2002:147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nuclear Medicine and Biology
Abbreviation	Nucl. Med. Biol.
ISSN (print)	0969-8051
Scope	Cancer Research Molecular Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging