How to format your references using the Nuclear Medicine and Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nuclear Medicine and Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Powell K. Make your point. Nature 2005;434:416–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bayraktar OA, Doe CQ. Combinatorial temporal patterning in progenitors expands neural diversity. Nature 2013;498:449–55.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Yartsev MM, Witter MP, Ulanovsky N. Grid cells without theta oscillations in the entorhinal cortex of bats. Nature 2011;479:103–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Palmre V, Pugal D, Kim KJ, Leang KK, Asaka K, Aabloo A. Nanothorn electrodes for ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscles. Sci Rep 2014;4:6176.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Theodore L, Kunz RG. Nanotechnology: Environmental Implications and Solutions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Jerjen H, Koribalski BS, editors. Galaxies in the Local Volume. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Jüttner M. Part-Based Strategies for Visual Categorisation and Object Recognition. In: Osaka N, Rentschler I, Biederman I, editors. Object Recognition, Attention, and Action, Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2007, p. 55–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nuclear Medicine and Biology.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Newly Discovered Species Of Bird In The Galápagos Islands Is Already Extinct. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/newly-discovered-species-of-bird-in-the-galpagos-islands-is-already-extinct/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Acquisition: Further Changes Needed in FAA’s Management and Budgeting Practices. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Simmons-Johnson N. The path to graduation: A model interactive Web site design supporting doctoral students. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

McKINLEY JC Jr, Mueller B, Schweber N. Second Chances Kept Coming for Suspect in Officer’s Death. New York Times 2015:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nuclear Medicine and Biology
Abbreviation	Nucl. Med. Biol.
ISSN (print)	0969-8051
Scope	Cancer Research Molecular Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging