How to format your references using the Neuropsychopharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neuropsychopharmacology (NPP). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pain E. Science careers. A self-made climber. Science. 2008;320:1515.

A journal article with 2 authors

Scott MP, Lawrence PA. Obituary: Edward B. Lewis (1918-2004). Nature. 2004;431:143.

A journal article with 3 authors

Almeda R, Connelly TL, Buskey EJ. Novel insight into the role of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in the fate of crude oil in the sea. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7560.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Cao C-Y, Shen Y-Y, Wang J-D, Li L, Liang G-L. Controlled intracellular self-assembly of gadolinium nanoparticles as smart molecular MR contrast agents. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1024.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Imrie R, Street E. Architectural Design and Regulation. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2011.

An edited book

Liu J. Reliability of Microtechnology: Interconnects, Devices and Systems. 1st ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Dang C, Sodt A, Lau C, Youngstrom B, Ng L, Kuan L, et al. The Allen Brain Atlas: Delivering Neuroscience to the Web on a Genome Wide Scale. In: Cohen-Boulakia S, Tannen V, editors. Data Integration in the Life Sciences: 4th International Workshop, DILS 2007, Philadelphia, PA, USA, June 27-29, 2007. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 17–26.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neuropsychopharmacology.

Blog post

Andrew D. Ten Facts You Need To Know About The Chicken And Eggs On Your Table. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ten-facts-you-need-to-know-about-the-chicken-and-eggs-on-your-table/. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Department of Labor: Further Management Improvements Needed to Address Information Technology and Financial Controls. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bubert EA. Highly extensible skin for a variable wing-span morphing aircraft utilizing pneumatic artificial muscle actuation. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sanger DE, Schmitt E, Hubbard B. Trump Ends Covert Aid to Syrian Rebels Trying to Oust Assad. New York Times. 2017:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Neuropsychopharmacology
Abbreviation	Neuropsychopharmacology
ISSN (print)	0893-133X
ISSN (online)	1470-634X
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health Pharmacology