How to format your references using the Nature Nanotechnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nature Nanotechnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lisse, C. M. Astronomy. The final flight of a Sun-diving comet. Science 335, 296–297 (2012).

A journal article with 2 authors

Dey, S. & Joshi, A. Stability via asynchrony in Drosophila metapopulations with low migration rates. Science 312, 434–436 (2006).

A journal article with 3 authors

Veenstra, G. J., Weeks, D. L. & Wolffe, A. P. Distinct roles for TBP and TBP-like factor in early embryonic gene transcription in Xenopus. Science 290, 2312–2315 (2000).

A journal article with 6 or more authors

Sack, A., Freire, J. G., Lindberg, E., Pöschel, T. & Gallas, J. A. C. Discontinuous spirals of stable periodic oscillations. Sci. Rep. 3, 3350 (2013).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Diels, J.-C. & Arissian, L. Lasers. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2011).

An edited book

Nematode-Trapping Fungi. vol. 23 (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2014).

A chapter in an edited book

FitzGerald, D. & Paulus, J. Unpitched Percussion Transcription. in Signal Processing Methods for Music Transcription (eds. Klapuri, A. & Davy, M.) 131–162 (Springer US, Boston, MA, 2006).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nature Nanotechnology.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. ISS Completes Historic 100,000th Orbit Of Earth. IFLScience https://www.iflscience.com/space/iss-has-flown-around-earth-more-100000-times/ (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA Contract Management. (1996).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lavoie, D. Ecotone. (California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chavez, L. Fellow Republicans, Open Your Doors. New York Times A31 (2005).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Nature Nanotechnology
Abbreviation	Nat. Nanotechnol.
ISSN (print)	1748-3387
ISSN (online)	1748-3395
Scope	Bioengineering Biomedical Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering General Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics