How to format your references using the Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gavaghan, H.: Current role suggests the shape of future work opportunities, Nature, 409, 963–964, 2001.

A journal article with 2 authors

Buckley, Y. M. and Han, Y.: Ecology. Managing the side effects of invasion control, Science, 344, 975–976, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chang, P., Jacobson, M. K., and Mitchison, T. J.: Poly(ADP-ribose) is required for spindle assembly and structure, Nature, 432, 645–649, 2004.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Houston, F., Goldmann, W., Chong, A., Jeffrey, M., González, L., Foster, J., Parnham, D., and Hunter, N.: Prion diseases: BSE in sheep bred for resistance to infection, Nature, 423, 498, 2003.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brown, C.: Fibonacci Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

Brito, P., Cucumel, G., Bertrand, P., and Carvalho, F. de (Eds.): Selected Contributions in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, XIII, 635 p pp., 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Sergeyev, Y. D., Strongin, R. G., and Lera, D.: Ideas for Acceleration, in: Introduction to Global Optimization Exploiting Space-Filling Curves, edited by: Strongin, R. G. and Lera, D., Springer, New York, NY, 91–116, 2013.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions.

Blog post

Several Cancers Caused By The Same Genetic Mutations:

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Transportation and Telecommunications Issue Area: Active Assignments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mullican, C. D.: Multiple Intelligences in the Text: Examining the Presence of Multiple Intelligences Tasks in the Annotated Teacher’s Editions of Four High School United States History Textbooks, Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B.: Scare Easily? You’re in the Wrong Place, New York Times, 20th March, C6, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gavaghan, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Buckley and Han, 2014; Gavaghan, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Buckley and Han, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Houston et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions
ISSN (online)	2195-9269
Scope