How to format your references using the National Identities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for National Identities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gangui, A. (2003). Astronomy. A preposterous universe. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5611), 1333–1334.

A journal article with 2 authors

Misra, A., & Kumar, P. (2013). Periodic architecture for high performance shock absorbing composites. Scientific Reports, 3, 2056.

A journal article with 3 authors

d’Aignaux, J. N., Cousens, S. N., & Smith, P. G. (2001). Predictability of the UK variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease epidemic. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5547), 1729–1731.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Lam, R. T. S., Belenguer, A., Roberts, S. L., Naumann, C., Jarrosson, T., Otto, S., & Sanders, J. K. M. (2005). Amplification of acetylcholine-binding catenanes from dynamic combinatorial libraries. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5722), 667–669.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Li, Y. (2015). Computer Principles and Design in Verilog HDL. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Wanninger, A. (Ed.). (2015). Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 5: Ecdysozoa III: Hexapoda (1st ed. 2015). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bagnara, R., Rodríguez-Carbonell, E., & Zaffanella, E. (2005). Generation of Basic Semi-algebraic Invariants Using Convex Polyhedra. In C. Hankin & I. Siveroni (Eds.), Static Analysis: 12th International Symposium, SAS 2005, London, UK, September 7-9, 2005. Proceedings (pp. 19–34). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for National Identities.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2017, March 24). NASA Solves The Andromeda X-Ray Mystery. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-solves-the-andromeda-xray-mystery/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2003). Major Management Challenges and Program Risks: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (GAO-03-114). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nepal, R. M. (2006). Class II MHC Function in Macrophages and Mice Infected with Mycobacterium [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Patterson, M. J. O. (2012, May 20). Nature in All Its Lushness, From an Urbanite’s Mind. New York Times, NJ12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gangui, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Gangui, 2003; Misra & Kumar, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Misra & Kumar, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Lam et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	National Identities
ISSN (print)	1460-8944
ISSN (online)	1469-9907
Scope	History General Earth and Planetary Sciences General Environmental Science