How to format your references using the Nanoscale Research Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nanoscale Research Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dovidio JF (2009) Psychology. Racial bias, unspoken but heard. Science 326:1641–1642

A journal article with 2 authors

Oppenheimer SJ, Richards M (2001) Polynesian origins. Slow boat to Melanesia? Nature 410:166–167

A journal article with 3 authors

del Campo A, Boshier MG, Saxena A (2014) Bent waveguides for matter-waves: supersymmetric potentials and reflectionless geometries. Sci Rep 4:5274

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zahn LM, Hines PJ, Pennisi E, Travis J (2008) Green genes. Plant genomes. Introduction. Science 320:465

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Le Doeuff R, Zaïm MEH (2013) Rotating Electrical Machines. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA

An edited book

Radwan A, Rodriguez J (2015) Energy Efficient Smart Phones for 5G Networks. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Zhao Y, Qiu W (2011) The Potential of Social Media for Students with Disabilities. In: Gray T, Silver-Pacuilla H (eds) Breakthrough Teaching and Learning: How Educational and Assistive Technologies are Driving Innovation. Springer, New York, NY, pp 71–86

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nanoscale Research Letters.

Blog post

Hale T (2017) This “Horrifying” Video Of Coca Cola Vs Coke Zero Is Actually Not Horrifying At All. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978) The Air Force Continued To Develop the Advanced Logistics System, a Program It Was Directed To Cancel. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mycroft D (2012) Minorities in leadership and financial performance of their Fortune 500 companies. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B (2017) Del Potro Shakes an Illness To Reach the Quarterfinals. New York Times B8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nanoscale Research Letters
Abbreviation	Nanoscale Res. Lett.
ISSN (print)	1931-7573
ISSN (online)	1556-276X
Scope	General Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics

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