How to format your references using the Heart citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yamaguchi A. Sex differences in vocal learning in birds. Nature 2001;411:257–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Klenerman P, McMichael A. AIDS/HIV. Finding footprints among the trees. Science 2007;315:1505–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Christensen UR, Holzwarth V, Reiners A. Energy flux determines magnetic field strength of planets and stars. Nature 2009;457:167–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Squartini T, Picciolo F, Ruzzenenti F, et al. Reciprocity of weighted networks. Sci Rep 2013;3:2729.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McMaster MC. LC/MS. Hoboken, NJ: : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005.

An edited book

Pugliese A, Gaiti A, Boiti C, editors. Veterinary Science: Current Aspects in Biology, Animal Pathology, Clinic and Food Hygiene. Berlin, Heidelberg: : Springer 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Hersh RG, Caligor E, Yeomans FE. Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP) Principles in Work with the Families of Patients with Severe Personality Disorders. In: Caligor E, Yeomans FE, eds. Fundamentals of Transference-Focused Psychotherapy: Applications in Psychiatric and Medical Settings. Cham: : Springer International Publishing 2016. 91–120.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart.

Blog post

Andrew E. Do You Hear What I Hear? Amazing Auditory Illusions Explained. IFLScience. 2014.https://www.iflscience.com/brain/do-you-hear-what-i-hear-amazing-auditory-illusions-explained/ (accessed 30 Oct 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Customs Automation: Progress Made, More Expected in Revenue Reconciliation Process. Washington, DC: : U.S. Government Printing Office 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hatcher R. Guide to improvisation for Mozart’s serenade in Bb Major, K. 361, the ‘Gran Partita’. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wines M. Pennsylvania Lawsuit Is Latest to Call House Redistricting a Partisan Gerrymander. New York Times. 2017;:A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart
Abbreviation	Heart
ISSN (print)	1355-6037
ISSN (online)	1468-201X
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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