How to format your references using the Nano Biomedicine and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nano Biomedicine and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jacobson MZ. Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols. Nature. 2001; 409(6821):695–697.

A journal article with 2 authors

Elderfield H, Rickaby RE. Oceanic Cd/P ratio and nutrient utilization in the glacial Southern Ocean. Nature. 2000; 405(6784):305–310.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li D, Zhang P, Yan J. Ab initio molecular dynamics study of high-pressure melting of beryllium oxide. Sci. Rep. 2014; 4:4707.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kufer SK, Puchner EM, Gumpp H, Liedl T, Gaub HE. Single-molecule cut-and-paste surface assembly. Science. 2008; 319(5863):594–596.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kukushkin A. Radio Wave Propagation in the Marine Boundary Layer. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2004.

An edited book

Bang-Jensen J. Digraphs: Theory, Algorithms and Applications. London: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Filus JK, Filus LZ. Some Alternative Approaches to System Reliability Modeling. In: Pham H, editor. Recent Advances in Reliability and Quality in Design. London: Springer; 2008. p. 101–135.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nano Biomedicine and Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew D. Does Paracetamol In Pregnancy Cause Child Behavioural Problems? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2011 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/does-paracetamol-in-pregnancy-cause-child-behavioural-problems/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Small Business Administration: Enhancements Needed for Loan Monitoring System Benchmark Study. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Waterman MA. Housing for the homeless mentally ill population: A grant writing project. 2015;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. A Classic Shoe, Restyled. New York Times. 2010; :E6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
Abbreviation	Nano Biomed. Eng.
ISSN (online)	2150-5578
Scope	Biomedical Engineering