How to format your references using the Nano Biomedicine and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nano Biomedicine and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pearson H. Mystery virus slow to yield its identity as patient numbers rise. Nature. 2003; 422(6930):364.

A journal article with 2 authors

Annas GJ, Elias S. Politics, morals and embryos. Nature. 2004; 431(7004):19–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

Reichman OJ, Jones MB, Schildhauer MP. Challenges and opportunities of open data in ecology. Science. 2011; 331(6018):703–705.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zeng Z, Piao S, Chen A, Lin X, Nan H, Li J, et al. Committed changes in tropical tree cover under the projected 21st century climate change. Sci. Rep. 2013; 3:1951.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Leddra M. Time Matters. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Stiglitz JE, Guzman M, editors. Contemporary Issues in Macroeconomics: Lessons from The Crisis and Beyond. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Ruet J. Indian Firms in World Production: The State, Markets, and Innovation. In: Richet X, Delteil V, Dieuaide P, editors. Strategies of Multinational Corporations and Social Regulations: European and Asian Perspectives. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 77–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nano Biomedicine and Engineering.

Blog post

Davis J. Evidence Of Earliest Ritualized Decapitation In The Americas Discovered [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/evidence-earliest-ritualized-decapitation-americas-discovered/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Status of Emergency and State and Local Law Enforcement Systems Is Still Unknown. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stone B. Efficacy of Collaborative Consulting Training Module. 2017;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eddy M, Kishkovsky S. Bolshoi Director Is Upbeat About His Recovery. New York Times. 2013; :C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
Abbreviation	Nano Biomed. Eng.
ISSN (online)	2150-5578
Scope	Biomedical Engineering