How to format your references using the Nano Biomedicine and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nano Biomedicine and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Piran T. Astronomy. Demotion looms for gamma-ray bursts. Science. 2002; 295(5557):986–987.

A journal article with 2 authors

Angelo G, Van Gilst MR. Starvation protects germline stem cells and extends reproductive longevity in C. elegans. Science. 2009; 326(5955):954–958.

A journal article with 3 authors

Winn JN, Rusin D, Kochanek CS. The central image of a gravitationally lensed quasar. Nature. 2004; 427(6975):613–615.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Islam MR, Nakamura K, Casco-Robles MM, Kunahong A, Inami W, Toyama F, et al. The newt reprograms mature RPE cells into a unique multipotent state for retinal regeneration. Sci. Rep. 2014; 4:6043.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Searle SR. Linear Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1997.

An edited book

Flew T, Iosifidis P, Steemers J, editors. Global Media and National Policies: The Return of the State. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Delicato FC, Pires PF, Batista T. The Programming and Execution Module (PEM). In: Pires PF, Batista T, editors. Middleware Solutions for the Internet of Things. London: Springer; 2013. p. 45–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nano Biomedicine and Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E. Some Corals are Already Adapting to Warmer Oceans [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]; Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/some-corals-are-already-adapting-warmer-oceans/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: FAA Has Many Investment Management Capabilities in Place, but More Oversight of Operational Systems Is Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bankas JK. CAFE—Community and Family Enrichment: Toward Community-Based Mental Health Support for Families. 2014;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Supreme Court to Weigh Award in a Smoker’s Death. New York Times. 2006; :C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
Abbreviation	Nano Biomed. Eng.
ISSN (online)	2150-5578
Scope	Biomedical Engineering