How to format your references using the Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Schlessinger J. Signal transduction. Autoinhibition control. Science. 2003;300:750–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Belden WJ, Barlowe C. Role of Erv29p in collecting soluble secretory proteins into ER-derived transport vesicles. Science. 2001;294:1528–31.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Izumikawa T, Sato B, Kitagawa H. Chondroitin sulfate is indispensable for pluripotency and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3701.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jackson DJ, Macis L, Reitner J, Degnan BM, Wörheide G. Sponge paleogenomics reveals an ancient role for carbonic anhydrase in skeletogenesis. Science. 2007;316:1893–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bannwarth H. Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps, Compressors and Systems. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

1. Verhagen E, Janvier A, editors. Ethical Dilemmas for Critically Ill Babies. 1st ed. 2016. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kaushika ND, Reddy KS, Kaushik K. Conventional Energy and Power System. In: Reddy KS, Kaushik K, editors. Sustainable Energy and the Environment: A Clean Technology Approach. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 43–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. New Zealand’s Alpine Fault Reveals Extreme Underground Heat And Fluid Pressure. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Strategic Sourcing: Opportunities Exist to Better Manage Information Technology Services Spending. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015 Sep. Report No.: GAO-15-549.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Chepete P. Modeling of the factors affecting mathematical achievement of Form 1 students in Botswana based on the 2003 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Billard M. Embraceable Saris. New York Times. 2010 Oct 7;E9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders
Abbreviation	Mult. Scler. Demyelinating Disord.
ISSN (online)	2056-6115
Scope