How to format your references using the Midwifery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Midwifery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grayson, M., 2015. Symposium overview: Raising standards. Nature 520, S10-2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gao, G.F., Feng, Y., 2014. On the ground in Sierra Leone. Science 346, 666.

A journal article with 3 authors

Karner, M.B., DeLong, E.F., Karl, D.M., 2001. Archaeal dominance in the mesopelagic zone of the Pacific Ocean. Nature 409, 507–510.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kim, M., McCormick, S., Timmermans, M., Sinha, N., 2003. The expression domain of PHANTASTICA determines leaflet placement in compound leaves. Nature 424, 438–443.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hoffmann, W., 2014. The Economic Competitiveness of Renewable Energy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Stanković, R.S., 2011. From Boolean Logic to Switching Circuits and Automata: Towards Modern Information Technology, Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Cesaro, P., Widner, H., 2006. Lessons Learned From Early Clinical Neural Grafting in Parkinson’s Disease, in: Brundin, P., Olanow, C.W. (Eds.), Restorative Therapies in Parkinson’s Disease. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp. 78–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Midwifery.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2017. Mount Etna Just Exploded Into Life [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/mount-etna-exploded-life/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1978. Crop Forecasting by Satellite: Progress and Problems (No. PSAD-78-52). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pearson, D., 2014. A High-Level Fuzzy Logic Guidance System for an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) Tasked to Perform an Autonomous Launch and Recovery (ALR) of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G., 2010. Pioneers Continue To Shepherd Women’s Basketball. New York Times B14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grayson, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Gao and Feng, 2014; Grayson, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gao and Feng, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Kim et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Midwifery
Abbreviation	Midwifery
ISSN (print)	0266-6138
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Maternity and Midwifery

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