How to format your references using the Midwifery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Midwifery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Borovsky, J.E., 2014. Geophysics. Feedback of the magnetosphere. Science 343, 1086–1087.

A journal article with 2 authors

Xue, Y., Sherman, D.H., 2000. Alternative modular polyketide synthase expression controls macrolactone structure. Nature 403, 571–575.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yan, S., Huse, D.A., White, S.R., 2011. Spin-liquid ground state of the S = 1/2 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Science 332, 1173–1176.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Naqvi, N.H., Rudrauf, D., Damasio, H., Bechara, A., 2007. Damage to the insula disrupts addiction to cigarette smoking. Science 315, 531–534.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vanclef, J., 2013. The Wealth Code 2.0. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Hayat, M.A. (Ed.), 2012. Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 8: Therapeutic Applications in Disease and Injury, Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Malcheva, R., 2011. 4 Application of Multilevel Design on the Base of UML for Digital System Developing, in: Adamski, M., Barkalov, A., Węgrzyn, M. (Eds.), Design of Digital Systems and Devices, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 93–117.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Midwifery.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. What You Need To Know About Genetically Modified Organisms [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/myths-and-controversies-gmos-0/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1997. FCC: Ka-Band Satellite Application and Licensing Procedure (No. OGC-98-15). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Meijer, K., 2015. Let the Gods Dance: Transformation Through Haitian Dance (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper, B.M., 2017. The Tailor of 125th Street. New York Times ST1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Borovsky, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Borovsky, 2014; Xue and Sherman, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Xue and Sherman, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Naqvi et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Midwifery
Abbreviation	Midwifery
ISSN (print)	0266-6138
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Maternity and Midwifery