How to format your references using the Midwifery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Midwifery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Suresh, S., 2012. Research funding: Global challenges need global solutions. Nature 490, 337–338.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pfeiffer, B.E., Foster, D.J., 2015. PLACE CELLS. Autoassociative dynamics in the generation of sequences of hippocampal place cells. Science 349, 180–183.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rhew, R.C., Miller, B.R., Weiss, R.F., 2000. Natural methyl bromide and methyl chloride emissions from coastal salt marshes. Nature 403, 292–295.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yamamoto, K., Dürr, U.H.N., Xu, J., Im, S.-C., Waskell, L., Ramamoorthy, A., 2013. Dynamic interaction between membrane-bound full-length cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 observed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Sci. Rep. 3, 2538.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lamperti, J.W., 1996. Probability: A Survey of the Mathematical Theory, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Hinduja, S., Fan, K.-C. (Eds.), 2007. Proceedings of the 35th International MATADOR Conference: Formerly The International Machine Tool Design and Research Conference. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Chesneaux, J.-M., Jézéquel, F., Lamotte, J.-L., 2009. Stochastic arithmetic and verification of mathematical models, in: Baveye, P.C., Laba, M., Mysiak, J. (Eds.), Uncertainties in Environmental Modelling and Consequences for Policy Making, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 101–125.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Midwifery.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2016. This 800-Year-Old Man Was Probably Killed By A Boomerang [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/this-800yearold-man-was-probably-killed-by-a-boomerang/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1971. Activities at the Regional Finance and Data Processing Center in Paris, France (No. B-146703). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pulido, B.B., 2015. Homes as grounding counterspaces: Mexicana undocumented students utilizing mother-daughter pedagogies of resistance to succeed in higher education (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G., 2014. An Alluring Summer Song, Echoed Through Eight World Cups. New York Times SP11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Suresh, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Pfeiffer and Foster, 2015; Suresh, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pfeiffer and Foster, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Yamamoto et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Midwifery
Abbreviation	Midwifery
ISSN (print)	0266-6138
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Maternity and Midwifery