How to format your references using the Midwifery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Midwifery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Steed, J.W., 2002. Materials science. Molecular “ghosts.” Science 298, 976–977.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cui, Y., Lieber, C.M., 2001. Functional nanoscale electronic devices assembled using silicon nanowire building blocks. Science 291, 851–853.

A journal article with 3 authors

Damasceno, P.F., Engel, M., Glotzer, S.C., 2012. Predictive self-assembly of polyhedra into complex structures. Science 337, 453–457.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bernal, D., Donley, J.M., Shadwick, R.E., Syme, D.A., 2005. Mammal-like muscles power swimming in a cold-water shark. Nature 437, 1349–1352.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bittner, M., 2014. Temporality: Universals and Variation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Tsihrintzis, G.A., Jain, L.C. (Eds.), 2008. Multimedia Services in Intelligent Environments: Advanced Tools and Methodologies, Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Morganti, R., 2012. Using HI Absorption to Trace Outflows from Galaxies and Feeding of AGN, in: Barbosa, D., Anton, S., Gurvits, L., Maia, D. (Eds.), The Square Kilometre Array: Paving the Way for the New 21st Century Radio Astronomy Paradigm: Proceedings of Symposium 7 of JENAM 2010, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 31–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Midwifery.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2014. How Did Neanderthals’ Ear Get to China? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-did-neanderthals-ear-get-china/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1988. Guaranteed Student Loans: Lenders’ Interest Billings Often Result in Overpayments (No. HRD-88-72). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Larson, S.E., 2014. A case of rational irrationality: Evidence of expressive interest bias in state e-commerce sales and use tax legislation (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B., 2016. Drake Is Back on Top, and Has a New Video, Too. New York Times C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Steed, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Cui and Lieber, 2001; Steed, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cui and Lieber, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Bernal et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Midwifery
Abbreviation	Midwifery
ISSN (print)	0266-6138
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Maternity and Midwifery