How to format your references using the Middle East Critique citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Middle East Critique. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hayashi, S. (2014) Biophysics. Silencing Neurons with Light, Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6182), pp. 369–370.

A journal article with 2 authors

Singla, V. & Reiter, J. F. (2006) The Primary Cilium as the Cell’s Antenna: Signaling at a Sensory Organelle, Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5787), pp. 629–633.

A journal article with 3 authors

Holland, G., Cassidy, M. & Ballentine, C. J. (2009) Meteorite Kr in Earth’s Mantle Suggests a Late Accretionary Source for the Atmosphere, Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5959), pp. 1522–1525.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Liu, A.-P. et al. (2013) Detecting Orbital Angular Momentum through Division-of-Amplitude Interference with a Circular Plasmonic Lens, Scientific Reports, 3, p. 2402.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Prager, F. H. & Rosteck, H. (2006) Polyurethane and Fire (Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA).

An edited book

Blanchard, P. (2011) Random Walks and Diffusions on Graphs and Databases: An Introduction. Springer Series in Synergetics, 10 (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer).

A chapter in an edited book

Paolicchi, F. & Marcheschi, P. (2008) I Sistemi PACS, HIS e RIS, in: Paolo Marcheschi & D. Caramella (eds) Produrre Ed Elaborare Immagini Diagnostiche, pp. 43–49 (Milano: Springer).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Middle East Critique.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2015) How Likely Is It That Your Job Will Be Replaced By A Robot?, IFLScience (IFLScience). Available at https://www.iflscience.com/technology/find-out-if-your-job-risk-artificial-intelligence/, accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (23 April 1980) Comments on H.R. 6228 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office), Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ren, W. (2013) The Portrayal of Risk-Taking Behaviors in Traffic on the Prime-Time Television Series ( Doctoral dissertation Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (17 October 2002) Tatyana M. Velikanova, 70, Soviet Human Rights Activist, New York Times, p. A31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Middle East Critique
Abbreviation	Middle East Crit.
ISSN (print)	1943-6149
ISSN (online)	1943-6157
Scope	History Cultural Studies Political Science and International Relations