How to format your references using the Medicine, Conflict and Survival citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medicine, Conflict and Survival. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, Paul. 2004. “Centre Stage in Missouri.” Nature 431 (7009): 720–721.

A journal article with 2 authors

Munk, Marion Ronit, and René Rückert. 2015. “To Work or Not Shouldn’t Be a Question.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 348 (6233): 470.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schoener, Thomas W., Jonathan B. Losos, and David A. Spiller. 2005. “Island Biogeography of Populations: An Introduced Species Transforms Survival Patterns.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 310 (5755): 1807–1809.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Jirawatnotai, Siwanon, Yiduo Hu, Wojciech Michowski, Joshua E. Elias, Lisa Becks, Frederic Bienvenu, Agnieszka Zagozdzon, et al. 2011. “A Function for Cyclin D1 in DNA Repair Uncovered by Protein Interactome Analyses in Human Cancers.” Nature 474 (7350): 230–234.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cox, Christopher. 2014. An Introduction to LTE. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Dössel, Olaf, and Wolfgang C. Schlegel, eds. 2009. World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany: Vol. 25/5 Information and Communication in Medicine, Telemedicine and e-Health. Vol. 25/5. IFMBE Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Allainmat, L., A. Baskin, T. De Perrot, M. Eiber, M. Souvatzoglou, and J-P Vallée. 2013. “Prostate Cancers.” In Atlas of PET/MR Imaging in Oncology, edited by Osman Ratib, Markus Schwaiger, and Thomas Beyer, 61–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medicine, Conflict and Survival.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2017. “Amateur Astronomers Find Supernova That Exploded 970 Million Years Ago.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1986. Digests of Unpublished Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States, Vol. III, No. 2. 133239. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lackey, Gordon Mims. 2015. “The Efficacy of Using a Natural Soil Additive for the Establishment, Survival and Diversity of Native Prairie and Spontaneously Colonizing Plant Communities on Unirrigated Green Roofs in a Humid Subtropical Climate.” Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis, John. 2016. “Cancer Patient Is Hoping to Get Back to the Kitchen.” New York Times, December 18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik 2004; Munk and Rückert 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Munk and Rückert 2015)
Three authors: (Schoener, Losos, and Spiller 2005)
4 or more authors: (Jirawatnotai et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medicine, Conflict and Survival
Abbreviation	Med. Confl. Surviv.
ISSN (print)	1362-3699
ISSN (online)	1743-9396
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine