How to format your references using the Medicine, Conflict and Survival citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medicine, Conflict and Survival. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, Paul. 2003. “A Demanding World.” Nature 424 (6944): 109.

A journal article with 2 authors

Imondi, Ralph, and John B. Thomas. 2003. “Neuroscience. The Ups and Downs of Wnt Signaling.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 302 (5652): 1903–1904.

A journal article with 3 authors

Freckleton, R. P., W. J. Sutherland, and A. R. Watkinson. 2003. “Ecology. Deciding the Future of GM Crops in Europe.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 302 (5647): 994–996.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Fernandez, A., S. B. Davis, J. O. Wendt, R. Cenni, R. S. Young, and M. L. Witten. 2001. “Particulate Emission from Biomass Combustion.” Nature 409 (6823): 998.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

English, James F. 2012. The Global Future of English Studies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Heinrichs, Dirk, Kerstin Krellenberg, Bernd Hansjürgens, and Francisco Martínez, eds. 2012. Risk Habitat Megacity. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Goedecke, Manfred, and Jörn Welsch. 2016. “Administrative Requirements for the Integration of Environmental Concerns and Demands of Climate Change into the Planning Process.” In Sustainable Ho Chi Minh City: Climate Policies for Emerging Mega Cities, edited by Antje Katzschner, Michael Waibel, Dirk Schwede, Lutz Katzschner, Michael Schmidt, and Harry Storch, 75–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medicine, Conflict and Survival.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2017. “Protein From Mussel Glue Used To Help Prevent Scarring.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/protein-from-mussel-glue-used-to-help-prevent-scarring/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2011. Space Acquisitions: DOD Delivering New Generations of Satellites, but Space System Acquisition Challenges Remain. GAO-11-590T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Decker, Karen M. 2013. “A Study of Relationships between Counselor Education, Social Justice Advocacy Competence, and Likelihood to Advocate.” Doctoral dissertation, Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira, Susan. 2017. “Another Powerful Woman. Same Sexist Attacks.” New York Times, March 5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik 2003; Imondi and Thomas 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Imondi and Thomas 2003)
Three authors: (Freckleton, Sutherland, and Watkinson 2003)
4 or more authors: (Fernandez et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medicine, Conflict and Survival
Abbreviation	Med. Confl. Surviv.
ISSN (print)	1362-3699
ISSN (online)	1743-9396
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine