How to format your references using the Medicine, Conflict and Survival citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medicine, Conflict and Survival. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Davis, Geoff. 2005. “Scientists and Societies. Planning for a Positive Postdoc.” Nature 434 (7037): 1162.

A journal article with 2 authors

Freiwald, Winrich A., and Doris Y. Tsao. 2010. “Functional Compartmentalization and Viewpoint Generalization within the Macaque Face-Processing System.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 330 (6005): 845–851.

A journal article with 3 authors

Furuya, Takeru, Adam S. Kamlet, and Tobias Ritter. 2011. “Catalysis for Fluorination and Trifluoromethylation.” Nature 473 (7348): 470–477.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

He, Hong, Yuesi Wang, Qingxin Ma, Jinzhu Ma, Biwu Chu, Dongsheng Ji, Guiqian Tang, Chang Liu, Hongxing Zhang, and Jiming Hao. 2014. “Mineral Dust and NOx Promote the Conversion of SO2 to Sulfate in Heavy Pollution Days.” Scientific Reports 4 (February): 4172.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Derryberry, Dewayne R. 2014. Basic Data Analysis for Time Series with R. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Isaias, Pedro. 2015. High Level Models and Methodologies for Information Systems. Edited by Tomayess Issa. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Leach, Richard. 2009. “Pneumonia.” In Respiratory Disease and Its Management, edited by A. McLuckie, 51–59. Competency-Based Critical Care. London: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medicine, Conflict and Survival.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2015. “New Study Confirms Ancient Legend About Crocodiles.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/crocodiles-sleep-one-eye-open/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1982. Need for Better Management of the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute. AFMD-82-74. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chavez, Jacqueline A. 2015. “Principal Stress Analysis of Rock Fracture Data from the Long Beach Oil Field, Los Angeles Basin, California.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, John. 2017. “Robert Caro Nears End Of Research on L.B.J.” New York Times, June 2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Davis 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Davis 2005; Freiwald and Tsao 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Freiwald and Tsao 2010)
Three authors: (Furuya, Kamlet, and Ritter 2011)
4 or more authors: (He et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Medicine, Conflict and Survival
Abbreviation	Med. Confl. Surviv.
ISSN (print)	1362-3699
ISSN (online)	1743-9396
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine