How to format your references using the Medicina citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medicina. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Thiemens MH. Atmospheric science. The mass-independent ozone isotope effect. Science 2001;293:226.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Post E, Forchhammer MC. Synchronization of animal population dynamics by large-scale climate. Nature 2002;420:168–71.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Spillane SM, Kippenberg TJ, Vahala KJ. Ultralow-threshold Raman laser using a spherical dielectric microcavity. Nature 2002;415:621–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Zheng Z, Sheng B, Gao C, Zhang H, Qin T, Ma C, et al. Highly stereoselective biosynthesis of (R)-α-hydroxy carboxylic acids through rationally re-designed mutation of D-lactate dehydrogenase. Sci Rep 2013;3:3401.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Sharma YC. A Guide to the Economic Removal of Metals from Aqueous Solutions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Gorb L, Kuz’min V, Muratov E, editors. Application of Computational Techniques in Pharmacy and Medicine. vol. 17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Bhamidimarri R. Re-inventing Engineering Curriculum. In: Bhamidimarri R, Liu A, editors. Engineering and Enterprise: Inspiring Innovation, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 45–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medicina.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. The Science of Bacon. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Higher Education: Issues Related to Law School Cost and Access. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Amodeo GA. Structural and biochemical characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMPK homolog SNF1. Doctoral dissertation. Columbia University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Williams J. One Side Effect of Viagra: Inspiration to Write. New York Times 2017:C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medicina
Abbreviation	Medicina (Kaunas)
ISSN (print)	1010-660X
Scope	General Medicine