How to format your references using the Medical Molecular Morphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Molecular Morphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brown SA (2011) Circadian rhythms. A new histone code for clocks? Science 333:1833–1834

A journal article with 2 authors

Austin AT, Vivanco L (2006) Plant litter decomposition in a semi-arid ecosystem controlled by photodegradation. Nature 442:555–558

A journal article with 3 authors

Levine B, Mizushima N, Virgin HW (2011) Autophagy in immunity and inflammation. Nature 469:323–335

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Nakashiba T, Young JZ, McHugh TJ, et al (2008) Transgenic inhibition of synaptic transmission reveals role of CA3 output in hippocampal learning. Science 319:1260–1264

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dimond BC (2008) Legal Aspects of Radiography and Radiology. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Milewski J (2011) Advanced Methods of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Radelet-de Grave P (2015) Kepler, Cavalieri, Guldin. Polemics with the Departed. In: Jullien V (ed) Seventeenth-Century Indivisibles Revisited. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 57–86

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Molecular Morphology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Kenya Is A Breastfeeding Success Story But Still Has Its Challenges. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2004) Air Traffic Control: FAA’s Acquisition Management Has Improved, but Policies and Oversight Need Strengthening to Help Ensure Results. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Green EI (2009) Caregiver wellness: An inquiry of health risks among frontline direct caregivers of the elderly and disabled. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Corkery M (2017) Business Leaders Urge Trump to Keep Shield in Place. New York Times A11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Molecular Morphology
Abbreviation	Med. Mol. Morphol.
ISSN (print)	1860-1480
ISSN (online)	1860-1499
Scope	Molecular Biology General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine