How to format your references using the Medical Molecular Morphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Molecular Morphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ledford H (2007) Turning back the clock. Nature 445:249

A journal article with 2 authors

Stott PA, Kettleborough JA (2002) Origins and estimates of uncertainty in predictions of twenty-first century temperature rise. Nature 416:723–726

A journal article with 3 authors

Lavine M, Frisk M, Pennisi E (2012) Biomaterials. Introduction. Science 338:899

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Szabó P, Scheuring I, Czárán T, Szathmáry E (2002) In silico simulations reveal that replicators with limited dispersal evolve towards higher efficiency and fidelity. Nature 420:340–343

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eicker U (2005) Solar Technologies for Buildings. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Ghetti F, Checcucci G, Bornman JF (2006) Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models Pisa, Italy June 2001. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Bulut N, Tomoda Y, Tanikawa K, et al (2009) Quantum Monte Carlo Study of Anderson Magnetic Impurities in Semiconductors. In: Aktas B, Mikailov F (eds) Advances in Nanoscale Magnetism: Proceedings of the International Conference on Nanoscale Magnetism ICNM-2007 June 25–29, Istanbul, Turkey. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 67–87

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Molecular Morphology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) What If It Happened Again? What We Need To Do To Prepare For A Nuclear Event. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/what-if-it-happened-again-what-we-need-do-prepare-nuclear-event/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1975) Pilot Cities Program: Phaseout Needed Due To Limited National Benefits. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Delcambre ML (2014) Finite Difference Schemes for a Structured Model of Mycobacterium marinum. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J (2017) In a Watch’s Deadly Glow, a Fight for Justice. New York Times C2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Molecular Morphology
Abbreviation	Med. Mol. Morphol.
ISSN (print)	1860-1480
ISSN (online)	1860-1499
Scope	Molecular Biology General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine