How to format your references using the Longevity Sciences and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Longevity Sciences and Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Been MD. Molecular biology. Versatility of self-cleaving ribozymes. Science 2006;313:1745–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Goedert M, Spillantini MG. A century of Alzheimer’s disease. Science 2006;314:777–81.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Froemke RC, Merzenich MM, Schreiner CE. A synaptic memory trace for cortical receptive field plasticity. Nature 2007;450:425–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Han L, Liu H, Cui P, Peng Z, Zhang S, Yang J. Alloy Cu₃Pt nanoframes through the structure evolution in Cu-Pt nanoparticles with a core-shell construction. Sci Rep 2014;4:6414.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Hackshaw A. How to Write a Grant Application. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Akhmet M. Neural Networks with Discontinuous/Impact Activations. vol. 9. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Zhai D, Wu Y, Lu J, Yan F. A Fuzzy Negotiation Model with Genetic Algorithms. In: Wang W, Li Y, Duan Z, Yan L, Li H, Yang X, editors. Integration and Innovation Orient to E-Society Volume 1: Seventh IFIP International Conference on e-Business, e-Services, and e-Society (I3E2007), October 10–12, Wuhan, China, Boston, MA: Springer US; 2008, p. 35–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Longevity Sciences and Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. What Happens If You Put Red Hot Steel On A Frozen Lake? IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/what-happens-if-you-put-red-hot-steel-on-a-frozen-lake/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: HUD’s Fiscal Year 2011 Expenditure Plan Satisfies Statutory Conditions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Dhantole G. Evaluating provision of healthcare system in the U.S. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Poems SVS, PROSE OF PAUL CELAN. Translated by John Felstiner. (Norton, $17.95.) This collection of work by one of the greatest European poets of the postwar period is translated by the author of the 1995 biography ’ ’Paul Celan: Poet, Survivor, ’ ’respectful J’’ F, nuanced renderings’’ include ’ ’poems from all periods of Celan’s life as well as his sparse but illuminating prose pieces, et al. New & Noteworthy Paperbacks. New York Times 2001:716.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Longevity Sciences and Medicine
ISSN (print)	2213-655X
Scope