How to format your references using the Longevity Sciences and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Longevity Sciences and Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Marshall CR. ECOLOGY/PALEONTOLOGY. How stable are food webs during a mass extinction? Science 2015;350:38–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Guiver MD, Lee YM. Materials science. Polymer rigidity improves microporous membranes. Science 2013;339:284–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Halevy I, Peters SE, Fischer WW. Sulfate burial constraints on the Phanerozoic sulfur cycle. Science 2012;337:331–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Dantas G, Sommer MOA, Oluwasegun RD, Church GM. Bacteria subsisting on antibiotics. Science 2008;320:100–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Etheridge D. Excel® Data Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Pretzsch J, Darr D, Uibrig H, Auch E, editors. Forests and Rural Development. vol. 9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Giaquinta M, Modica G. Measures and Integration. In: Modica G, editor. Mathematical Analysis: Foundations and Advanced Techniques for Functions of Several Variables, Boston, MA: Birkhäuser; 2012, p. 283–338.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Longevity Sciences and Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

Taub B. Music’s Effect On The Brain May Be Controlled By Dopamine Genes. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/music-s-effect-on-brain-may-controlled-by-dopamine-genes/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Problems Resulting From Management Practices in Recruiting, Training, and Using Non-High-School Graduates and Category IV Personnel. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Bobadilla J. Helping at-risk youth through a preventative program. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Shear MD. How White House Officials Explained That 18-Day Wait. New York Times 2017:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Longevity Sciences and Medicine
ISSN (print)	2213-655X
Scope