How to format your references using the Longevity Sciences and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Longevity Sciences and Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Dance A. Lab hazard. Nature 2009;458:664–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ding H-M, Ma Y-Q. Controlling cellular uptake of nanoparticles with pH-sensitive polymers. Sci Rep 2013;3:2804.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Junge W, Sielaff H, Engelbrecht S. Torque generation and elastic power transmission in the rotary F(O)F(1)-ATPase. Nature 2009;459:364–70.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Talwar SK, Xu S, Hawley ES, Weiss SA, Moxon KA, Chapin JK. Rat navigation guided by remote control. Nature 2002;417:37–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Barker RM, Puckett JA. Design of Highway Bridges. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Frigessi A, Bühlmann P, Glad IK, Langaas M, Richardson S, Vannucci M, editors. Statistical Analysis for High-Dimensional Data: The Abel Symposium 2014. vol. 11. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Sekitoleko N, Evbota F, Knauss E, Sandberg A, Chaudron M, Olsson HH. Technical Dependency Challenges in Large-Scale Agile Software Development. In: Cantone G, Marchesi M, editors. Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming: 15th International Conference, XP 2014, Rome, Italy, May 26-30, 2014. Proceedings, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 46–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Longevity Sciences and Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Alien-Looking Spiky, Leggy Worm Gets a Head for the First Time. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/spiky-leggy-worm-gets-head-first-time/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Support for Development of Electronics and Materials Technologies by the Governments of the United States, Japan, West Germany, France, and the United Kingdom. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Williams RN. Inclusive Classrooms: A Basic Qualitative Study of K-8 Urban Charter School Teachers. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Brantley B. Pain, Protest and Resistance. New York Times 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Longevity Sciences and Medicine
ISSN (print)	2213-655X
Scope