How to format your references using the Liverpool Law Review citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Liverpool Law Review. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rona, Peter A. 2003. Geology. Resources of the sea floor. Science (New York, N.Y.) 299: 673–674.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fu, H., and R. E. Cohen. 2000. Polarization rotation mechanism for ultrahigh electromechanical response in single-crystal piezoelectrics. Nature 403: 281–283.

A journal article with 3 authors

Assender, Hazel, Valery Bliznyuk, and Kyriakos Porfyrakis. 2002. How surface topography relates to materials’ properties. Science (New York, N.Y.) 297: 973–976.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Min, Bumki, Eric Ostby, Volker Sorger, Erick Ulin-Avila, Lan Yang, Xiang Zhang, and Kerry Vahala. 2009. High-Q surface-plasmon-polariton whispering-gallery microcavity. Nature 457: 455–458.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wystup, Uwe. 2006. FX Options and Structured Products. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Trucchia, Francesco. 2010. Pro PHP Refactoring. Edited by Jacopo Romei, Michelle Lowman, Clay Andres, Steve Anglin, Mark Beckner, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, et al. Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Patterson, Gerrelyn. 2015. A Historically Black High School Remains Intact. In School Desegregation: Oral Histories toward Understanding the Effects of White Domination, ed. George W. Noblit, 63–76. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Liverpool Law Review.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. Earth-Sized “Diamond” Discovered in Space. IFLScience. IFLScience. June 24.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1988. Tactical Airlift: Observations Concerning the Air Force’s C-27 Proposal. NSIAD-88-124. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hausmann, Robert C. 2015. Organizing Ecosystems for Social Innovation: The Relationality of Contexts and Mechanisms in a Social Entrepreneurship Network. Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rojas, Rick, Noah Remnick, and Emily Palmer. 2016. Prosecutor Adds First-Degree Murder Charge in Killing of Imam and Aide. New York Times, August 17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rona 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Fu and Cohen 2000; Rona 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fu and Cohen 2000)
Three or more authors: (Min et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Liverpool Law Review
Abbreviation	Liverp. Law Rev.
ISSN (print)	0144-932X
ISSN (online)	1572-8625
Scope	Law