How to format your references using the Liverpool Law Review citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Liverpool Law Review. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gershon, Diane. 2002. Silicon dreams in the biology lab. Nature 417: 4–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hor, Hyun, and Mehdi Tafti. 2009. Physiology. How much sleep do we need? Science (New York, N.Y.) 325: 825–826.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, James S. Clark, and Brian Beckage. 2002. Density-dependent mortality and the latitudinal gradient in species diversity. Nature 417: 732–735.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Hueso, Luis E., José M. Pruneda, Valeria Ferrari, Gavin Burnell, José P. Valdés-Herrera, Benjamin D. Simons, Peter B. Littlewood, Emilio Artacho, Albert Fert, and Neil D. Mathur. 2007. Transformation of spin information into large electrical signals using carbon nanotubes. Nature 445: 410–413.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Basener, William F. 2006. Topology and Its Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Nakano, Shin-Ichi, Tetsukazu Yahara, and Tohru Nakashizuka, ed. 2014. Integrative Observations and Assessments. Ecological Research Monographs. Tokyo: Springer Japan.

A chapter in an edited book

Drechsler, Nicole, and Rolf Drechsler. 2006. Exploration of Sequential Depth by Evolutionary Algorithms. In VLSI-SOC: From Systems to Chips: IFIP TC 10/ WG 10.5 Twelfth International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration of System on Chip (VLSI-SoC 2003), December 1–3, 2003, Darmstadt, Germany, ed. Manfred Glesner, Ricardo Reis, Leandro Indrusiak, Vincent Mooney, and Hans Eveking, 73–83. IFIP International Federation for Information Processing. Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Liverpool Law Review.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. Space Whisky To Return To Earth. IFLScience. IFLScience. September 1.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2014. High-Containment Laboratories: Recent Incidents of Biosafety Lapses. GAO-14-785T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McClenahan, Abbe. 2017. The Impact of Media Promulgated Fear on the Psyche: Love Will Prevail. Doctoral dissertation, Carpinteria, CA: Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, James. 2017. A Divide Refracted in Blue, Black and White. New York Times, March 21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gershon 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Gershon 2002; Hor and Tafti 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hor and Tafti 2009)
Three or more authors: (Hueso et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Liverpool Law Review
Abbreviation	Liverp. Law Rev.
ISSN (print)	0144-932X
ISSN (online)	1572-8625
Scope	Law