How to format your references using the Liquid Crystals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Liquid Crystals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Cox AL. MEDICINE. Global control of hepatitis C virus. Science. 2015;349:790–791.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hudson PJ, Bjørnstad ON. Ecology. Vole stranglers and lemming cycles. Science. 2003;302:797–798.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Mashchenko S, Wadsley J, Couchman HMP. Stellar feedback in dwarf galaxy formation. Science. 2008;319:174–177.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Das SK, Eder S, Schauer S, et al. Adipose triglyceride lipase contributes to cancer-associated cachexia. Science. 2011;333:233–238.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bojowald M. The Universe: A View from Classical and Quantum Gravity. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Mongardini M, Giofrè M, editors. Management of Fecal Incontinence: Current Treatment Approaches and Future Perspectives. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Alwi H, Edwards C, Tan CP. Sliding Mode Observers for Fault Detection. In: Edwards C, Pin Tan C, editors. Fault Detection and Fault-Tolerant Control Using Sliding Modes. London: Springer; 2011. p. 53–98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Liquid Crystals.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Philae Lander Is Missing. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Aviation: Programs and Options for Providing Air Service to Small Communities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007. Report No.: GAO-07-793T. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Sever RS. A Quantitative Descriptive Study Using the Theoretical Domains Framework to Investigate and Compare the Psychotropic Medication Prescribing Behavior of Primary Care Prescribers [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Justices Narrow Money-Laundering Law. New York Times. 2008 Jun 3;A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Liquid Crystals
Abbreviation	Liq. Cryst.
ISSN (print)	0267-8292
ISSN (online)	1366-5855
Scope	General Chemistry General Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics

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