How to format your references using the Liquid Crystals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Liquid Crystals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Southwood D. Research collaboration: When international partnerships go wrong. Nature. 2012;488(7412):451–453.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Seelig B, Szostak JW. Selection and evolution of enzymes from a partially randomized non-catalytic scaffold. Nature. 2007;448(7155):828–831.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Rigol M, Dunjko V, Olshanii M. Thermalization and its mechanism for generic isolated quantum systems. Nature. 2008;452(7189):854–858.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Struchtemeyer CG, Ranganathan A, Couger MB, et al. Survival of the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain C1A after prolonged air exposure. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6892.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Chan EP. Algorithmic Trading. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Letschert R, van Dijk J, editors. The New Faces of Victimhood: Globalization, Transnational Crimes and Victim Rights. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Deng X, Wang Y, Wu F, et al. Implementation. In: Wang Y, Wu F, Zhang T, et al., editors. Integrated River Basin Management: Practice Guideline for the IO Table Compilation and CGE Modeling. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 79–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Liquid Crystals.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. The Female Enigmas Of Bletchley Park In The 1940s Should Encourage Those Of Tomorrow [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/female-enigmas-bletchley-park-1940s-should-encourage-those-tomorrow/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Government Civilian Aircraft: Central Management Reforms Are Encouraging but Require Extensive Oversight. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989. Report No.: GGD-89-86. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Theodore JA. A Framework for Comparative Analysis of Gene Expressions and Mutations Linked to Cancer [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Hodara S. An Eye for the 20th Century. New York Times. 2014 Nov 23;WE10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Liquid Crystals
Abbreviation	Liq. Cryst.
ISSN (print)	0267-8292
ISSN (online)	1366-5855
Scope	General Chemistry General Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics