How to format your references using the Linguistics and Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Linguistics and Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heisenberg, M. (2009). Is free will an illusion? Nature, 459(7244), 164–165.

A journal article with 2 authors

Boehm, M., & Slack, F. (2005). A developmental timing microRNA and its target regulate life span in C. elegans. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5756), 1954–1957.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nemecek, J. C., Wüthrich, M., & Klein, B. S. (2006). Global control of dimorphism and virulence in fungi. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5773), 583–588.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Pang, W.-W., Zhang, P., Zhang, G.-C., Xu, A.-G., & Zhao, X.-G. (2014). Morphology and growth speed of hcp domains during shock-induced phase transition in iron. Scientific Reports, 4, 3628.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dayton, G. (2014). Trade Mindfully. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Mach, R. (2007). Visualization of Digital Terrain and Landscape Data: A Manual (P. Petschek, Ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Caraway, Y. H. (2016). Who Do I Run to? Finding a Mentor and Building Mentor Relationships. In A. Hoffman (Ed.), 50 Billion Dollar Boss: African American Women Sharing Stories of Success in Entrepreneurship and Leadership (pp. 37–46). Palgrave Macmillan US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Linguistics and Education.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, June 10). Tiny Meat-Eating Dinosaur Discovered in Jurassic Welsh Rocks. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tiny-meat-eating-dinosaur-discovered-jurassic-welsh-rocks/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1980). Use of Computers by Firms Providing Architect-Engineer Services to Federal Agencies (LCD-81-2). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Conway, A. H. (2014). Signs and symptoms of moral injury in female vietnam veterans: A qualitative examination of the nvvrs [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2009, July 8). Vasily Aksyonov, 76, Exiled Soviet Writer. New York Times, A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Heisenberg, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Boehm & Slack, 2005; Heisenberg, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Boehm & Slack, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Pang et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Linguistics and Education
Abbreviation	Linguist. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0898-5898
Scope	Language and Linguistics Education Linguistics and Language