How to format your references using the Linguistics and Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Linguistics and Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Berger, S. L. (2007). The complex language of chromatin regulation during transcription. Nature, 447(7143), 407–412.

A journal article with 2 authors

Thompson, D. W. J., & Solomon, S. (2002). Interpretation of recent Southern Hemisphere climate change. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5569), 895–899.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kutnjak, Z., Petzelt, J., & Blinc, R. (2006). The giant electromechanical response in ferroelectric relaxors as a critical phenomenon. Nature, 441(7096), 956–959.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kellie, J. F., Higgs, R. E., Ryder, J. W., Major, A., Beach, T. G., Adler, C. H., Merchant, K., & Knierman, M. D. (2014). Quantitative measurement of intact alpha-synuclein proteoforms from post-mortem control and Parkinson’s disease brain tissue by intact protein mass spectrometry. Scientific Reports, 4, 5797.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eichhorn, M. P. (2016). Natural Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Wisshak, M., & Tapanila, L. (Eds.). (2008). Current Developments in Bioerosion. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Amir, A., Hartman, T., Kapah, O., Shalom, B. R., & Tsur, D. (2007). Generalized LCS. In N. Ziviani & R. Baeza-Yates (Eds.), String Processing and Information Retrieval: 14th International Symposium, SPIRE 2007 Santiago, Chile, October 29-31, 2007 Proceedings (pp. 50–61). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Linguistics and Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, October 30). Ten Deadly Carcinogens (You’ve Probably Never Heard Of). IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1954). Study of United States Government Wind Tunnels (B-114825). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lazor, D. L. (2010). “Festen”: A celebration (of the imagination!) [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Applebome, P. (2016, August 13). In Detroit’s Recovery, Downtown Roars and Neighborhoods Sputter. New York Times, A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Berger, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Berger, 2007; Thompson & Solomon, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Thompson & Solomon, 2002)
Three authors: (Kutnjak et al., 2006)
6 or more authors: (Kellie et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Linguistics and Education
Abbreviation	Linguist. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0898-5898
Scope	Language and Linguistics Education Linguistics and Language