How to format your references using the Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hill, W.G.: Genetics. A century of corn selection. Science. 307, 683–684 (2005)

A journal article with 2 authors

Remondes, M., Schuman, E.M.: Direct cortical input modulates plasticity and spiking in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Nature. 416, 736–740 (2002)

A journal article with 3 authors

Henikoff, S., Ahmad, K., Malik, H.S.: The centromere paradox: stable inheritance with rapidly evolving DNA. Science. 293, 1098–1102 (2001)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Perez, G.I., Trbovich, A.M., Gosden, R.G., Tilly, J.L.: Mitochondria and the death of oocytes. Nature. 403, 500–501 (2000)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rider, M.J.: Design and Analysis of Mechanisms. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2015)

An edited book

Gabbay, D.M.: Logical Tools for Handling Change in Agent-Based Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2010)

A chapter in an edited book

Rinkevich, Y., Matranga, V., Rinkevich, B.: Stem Cells in Aquatic Invertebrates: Common Premises and Emerging Unique Themes. In: Rinkevich, B. and Matranga, V. (eds.) Stem Cells in Marine Organisms. pp. 61–103. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2009)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences.

Blog post

Hale, T.: Watch This Year’s “Firefall’ Light Up Yosemite Once Again, https://www.iflscience.com/environment/watch-this-years-firefall-light-up-yosemite-once-again/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Information and Technology Management: Achieving Sustained and Focused Governmentwide Leadership. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2001)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Serrano, M.: Bilingual Sentiment Analysis of Spanglish Tweets, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Healy, J., Fandos, N.: Protesters Gain Victory in Fight Over Oil Pipeline, (2016)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hill 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Hill 2005; Remondes and Schuman 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Remondes and Schuman 2002)
Three or more authors: (Perez et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences
Abbreviation	Lett. Spat. Resour. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1864-4031
ISSN (online)	1864-404X
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Geography, Planning and Development Demography Urban Studies