How to format your references using the Laser Physics Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Laser Physics Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Bascompte J 2009 Disentangling the web of life Science 325 416–9

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Shelke S A and Piccirilli J A 2014 Origins of life: RNA made in its own mirror image Nature 515 347–8

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Chang P, Jacobson M K and Mitchison T J 2004 Poly(ADP-ribose) is required for spindle assembly and structure Nature 432 645–9

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Ritchie K B, Nagelkerken I, James S and Smith G W 2000 A tetrodotoxin-producing marine pathogen Nature 404 354

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ferguson N, Schneier B and Kohno T 2015 Cryptography Engineering (Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc.)

An edited book

[1]

Carnell J 2007 Pro Apache Struts with Ajax ed R Harrop and K Mittal (Berkeley, CA: Apress)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Yoshimura T, Fujii Y and Ito T 2012 Grouping Co-occurrence Filtering Based on Bayesian Filtering Advanced Research in Applied Artificial Intelligence: 25th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2012, Dalian, China, June 9-12, 2012. Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science ed H Jiang, W Ding, M Ali and X Wu (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer) pp 30–9

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Laser Physics Letters.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J 2014 Electronic Skin Can Store Data and Deliver Drugs IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 2015 Federal Transit Benefit Program: DOT’s Debit-Card Internal Controls Are Designed to Be Consistent with Federal Standards (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Brugna R A 2008 Augmenting the clinical clerkship curriculum of a physician assistant training program with distance education technology: Educational outcomes and student perceptions Doctoral dissertation (Minneapolis, MN: Capella University)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Dorman J L 2016 Hot Steaks With a Cool Vibe New York Times TR11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Laser Physics Letters
Abbreviation	Laser Phys. Lett.
ISSN (print)	1612-2011
ISSN (online)	1612-202X
Scope	Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) Instrumentation