How to format your references using the Laser Physics Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Laser Physics Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Sovacool B K 2014 Diversity: Energy studies need social science Nature 511 529–30

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Junge W and Müller D J 2011 Biochemistry. Seeing a molecular motor at work Science 333 704–5

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Powell M D, Vickery P J and Reinhold T A 2003 Reduced drag coefficient for high wind speeds in tropical cyclones Nature 422 279–83

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Argyris A, Syvridis D, Larger L, Annovazzi-Lodi V, Colet P, Fischer I, García-Ojalvo J, Mirasso C R, Pesquera L and Shore K A 2005 Chaos-based communications at high bit rates using commercial fibre-optic links Nature 438 343–6

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Pozzilli P, Lenzi A, Clarke B L and Young W F Jr 2013 Imaging in Endocrinology (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd)

An edited book

[1]

Rogova G and Scott P 2016 Fusion Methodologies in Crisis Management: Higher Level Fusion and Decision Making (Cham: Springer International Publishing)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Melo P S, Marcato P D, de Araújo D R and Durán N 2014 In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays of Nanoparticles on Different Cell Lines Nanotoxicology: Materials, Methodologies, and Assessments Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology ed N Durán, S S Guterres and O L Alves (New York, NY: Springer) pp 111–23

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Laser Physics Letters.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A 2016 This Ridiculously Accurate Clock Could Fit Inside Your Smartphone IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1990 Government Civilian Aircraft: Use of Government Aircraft by the Attorney General and FBI Director (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Sato O 2010 The use of statistical metrics as a decision making tool in brief experimental analysis Doctoral dissertation (Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Tommasini A 2017 Holding the Stage Like a Singing Shaman New York Times C5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Laser Physics Letters
Abbreviation	Laser Phys. Lett.
ISSN (print)	1612-2011
ISSN (online)	1612-202X
Scope	Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) Instrumentation