How to format your references using the Language citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cao, Y. Charles. 2011. Materials science. Impurities enhance semiconductor nanocrystal performance. Science (New York, N.Y.) 332.48–49.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kulkarni, Rohit N.; and C. Ronald Kahn. 2004. Molecular biology. HNFs--linking the liver and pancreatic islets in diabetes. Science (New York, N.Y.) 303.1311–1312.

A journal article with 3 authors

Råberg, Lars.; Derek Sim.; and Andrew F. Read. 2007. Disentangling genetic variation for resistance and tolerance to infectious diseases in animals. Science (New York, N.Y.) 318.812–814.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Xue, Chuang.; Guang-Qing Du.; Li-Jie Chen.; Jian-Gang Ren.; Jian-Xin Sun.; Feng-Wu Bai.; and Shang-Tian Yang. 2014. A carbon nanotube filled polydimethylsiloxane hybrid membrane for enhanced butanol recovery. Scientific reports 4.5925.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Castle, David.; Cheryl Cline.; Abdallah S. Daar.; Charoula Tsamis.; and Peter A. Singer. 2006. Science, Society, and the Supermarket. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Le Thi, Hoai An, Ngoc Thanh Nguyen, and Tien Van Do (eds.) 2015. Advanced Computational Methods for Knowledge Engineering: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Computer Science, Applied Mathematics and Applications - ICCSAMA 2015. Vol. 358. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Banyard, Ashley C.; and Satya Parida. 2015. Molecular Epidemiology of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus. Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus, ed. by Muhammad Munir, 69–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. Vaping As A ‘Gateway’ To Smoking Is Still More Hype Than Hazard. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/vaping-gateway-smoking-still-more-hype-hazard/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. Telecommunications: Broadband Deployment Is Extensive throughout the United States, but It Is Difficult to Assess the Extent of Deployment Gaps in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Soheili, Arash. 2008. A transannular Cope approach toward the core structure of isocyclocitrinol. New York, NY: Columbia University doctoral dissertation.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, Mary Williams. 2014. No Smoke, No Mirrors: The Dutch Pension Plan. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cao 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Cao 2011; Kulkarni and Kahn 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kulkarni and Kahn 2004)
Three authors: (Råberg, Sim, and Read 2007)
4 or more authors: (Xue et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language
Abbreviation	Language (Baltim.)
ISSN (print)	0097-8507
ISSN (online)	1535-0665
Scope	Language and Linguistics Linguistics and Language