How to format your references using the Landscape Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Landscape Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Van Swygenhoven, H. (2002). Polycrystalline materials. Grain boundaries and dislocations. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5565), 66–67.

A journal article with 2 authors

Smith, M. R., & Caron, J.-B. (2015). Hallucigenia’s head and the pharyngeal armature of early ecdysozoans. Nature, 523(7558), 75–78.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nelson, W. A., Bjørnstad, O. N., & Yamanaka, T. (2013). Recurrent insect outbreaks caused by temperature-driven changes in system stability. Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6147), 796–799.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Terada, K., Anand, M., Sokol, A. K., Bischoff, A., & Sano, Y. (2007). Cryptomare magmatism 4.35 Gyr ago recorded in lunar meteorite Kalahari 009. Nature, 450(7171), 849–852.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dexter, A. L. (2012). Monitoring and Control of Information-Poor Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Avner, E., Harmon, W., Niaudet, P., & Yoshikawa, N. (Eds.). (2009). Pediatric Nephrology: Sixth Completely Revised, Updated and Enlarged Edition. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Walker, A. (2016). Population Ageing from a Global and Theoretical Perspective: European Lessons on Active Ageing. In T. Moulaert & S. Garon (Eds.), Age-Friendly Cities and Communities in International Comparison: Political Lessons, Scientific Avenues, and Democratic Issues (pp. 47–64). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Landscape Research.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2017, May 4). A New Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Discovered And It’s Orbited By A Pulsar! IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/a-new-intermediatemass-black-hole-discovered-and-its-orbited-by-a-pulsar/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). Month In Review: December 1998: Reports, Testimony, Correspondence, and Other Publications (OPA-99-3). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crockett, W. (2017). Student Transitions Into the Full-Time Virtual High School Setting [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2011, July 18). Left on the Sideline as an Underdog Celebrates. New York Times, D7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Van Swygenhoven, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Smith & Caron, 2015; Van Swygenhoven, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Smith & Caron, 2015)
Three authors: (Nelson et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Terada et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Landscape Research
Abbreviation	Landsc. Res.
ISSN (print)	0142-6397
ISSN (online)	1469-9710
Scope	General Environmental Science Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation Geography, Planning and Development