How to format your references using the Landscape Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Landscape Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kleinberg, J. M. (2000). Navigation in a small world. Nature, 406(6798), 845.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shapiro, E., & Gil, B. (2008). Cell biology. RNA computing in a living cell. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5900), 387–388.

A journal article with 3 authors

Minto, C., Myers, R. A., & Blanchard, W. (2008). Survival variability and population density in fish populations. Nature, 452(7185), 344–347.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Mandal, S. M., Migliolo, L., Silva, O. N., Fensterseifer, I. C. M., Faria-Junior, C., Dias, S. C., Basak, A., Hazra, T. K., & Franco, O. L. (2014). Controlling resistant bacteria with a novel class of β-lactamase inhibitor peptides: from rational design to in vivo analyses. Scientific Reports, 4, 6015.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Olofsson, P. (2006). Probabilities. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hessayon, A. (Ed.). (2016). Jane Lead and her Transnational Legacy. Palgrave Macmillan UK.

A chapter in an edited book

Smyrnakis, M., & Galla, T. (2015). Decentralized Optimisation of Resource Allocation in Disaster Management. In J. Preston, J. M. Binner, L. Branicki, T. Galla, N. Jones, J. King, M. Kolokitha, & M. Smyrnakis (Eds.), City Evacuations: An Interdisciplinary Approach (pp. 89–106). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Landscape Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2016, May 2). Sensational Headlines About Dementia ‘Breakthroughs’ Are Damaging To Patients And Their Families. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/sensational-headlines-about-dementia-breakthroughs-are-damaging-patients-and-their-families/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Supercomputing in Industry (T-IMTEC-91-3). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ray-Dulany, W. R. (2010). Base change for the Iwahori-Hecke algebra of GL2 [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shoumali, K., & Hubbard, B. (2017, April 8). U.S. Strike on Syria Fuels Uncertainty on the Ground. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kleinberg, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Kleinberg, 2000; Shapiro & Gil, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shapiro & Gil, 2008)
Three authors: (Minto et al., 2008)
6 or more authors: (Mandal et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Landscape Research
Abbreviation	Landsc. Res.
ISSN (print)	0142-6397
ISSN (online)	1469-9710
Scope	General Environmental Science Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation Geography, Planning and Development