How to format your references using the Landscape Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Landscape Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bayer, M. (2014). Botany. Patterning cues from the altruistic sibling. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6180), 158–159.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shang, Y., & Brown, M. (2002). Molecular determinants for the tissue specificity of SERMs. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5564), 2465–2468.

A journal article with 3 authors

Luo, Z.-X., Ji, Q., & Yuan, C.-X. (2007). Convergent dental adaptations in pseudo-tribosphenic and tribosphenic mammals. Nature, 450(7166), 93–97.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Chen, J., Ng, J., Ding, K., Fung, K. H., Lin, Z., & Chan, C. T. (2014). Negative optical torque. Scientific Reports, 4, 6386.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ferrant, J.-L., Gilson, M., Jobert, S., Mayer, M., Montini, L., Ouellette, M., Rodrigues, S., & Ruffini, S. (2013). Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588 in Telecoms. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Schaefer, D. (Ed.). (2014). Product Development in the Socio-sphere: Game Changing Paradigms for 21st Century Breakthrough Product Development and Innovation. Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Makhortykh, S. V. (2005). The North Black Sea Steppes in the Cimmerian Epoch. In E. Marian Scott, A. Y. Alekseev, & G. Zaitseva (Eds.), Impact of the Environment on Human Migration in Eurasia (pp. 35–44). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Landscape Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, August 3). Whatever Our Emotions Tell Us, Not All Whaling Is The Same. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/whatever-our-emotions-tell-us-not-all-whaling-same/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1981). The Army’s Battery Computer System (MASAD-81-18). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Guzman, B. P. (2015). Understanding the factors affecting local emergency service collaboration [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Forsythe, M., & Stevenson, A. (2017, May 30). Gadfly Nettles Chinese Elite From 5th Ave. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bayer, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Bayer, 2014; Shang & Brown, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shang & Brown, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Landscape Research
Abbreviation	Landsc. Res.
ISSN (print)	0142-6397
ISSN (online)	1469-9710
Scope	General Environmental Science Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation Geography, Planning and Development