How to format your references using the Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Goldston D. Climate of opportunity. Nature 2007;445:248.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Fehr E, Fischbacher U. The nature of human altruism. Nature 2003;425:785–91.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Pavlov P, Svendsen JI, Indrelid S. Human presence in the European Arctic nearly 40,000 years ago. Nature 2001;413:64–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Xu W, Kim T-H, Zhai D, Er JC, Zhang L, Kale AA, et al. Make caffeine visible: a fluorescent caffeine “traffic light” detector. Sci Rep 2013;3:2255.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Meschede D. Optics, Light, and Lasers. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Verlinsky Y. Practical Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis. London: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Fritzson P, Broman D, Cellier F, Nytsch-Geusen C. Equation-Based Object-Oriented Languages and Tools Report on the Workshop EOOLT 2007 at ECOOP 2007. In: Cebulla M, editor. Object-Oriented Technology. ECOOP 2007 Workshop Reader: ECOOP 2007 Workshops, Berlin, Germany, July 30-31, 2007, Final Reports, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008, p. 27–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Exoplanet Infographics Highlights The Lack Of Twin Earths. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/exoplanet-infographics-highlights-the-lack-of-twin-earths/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Examination Into Certain Contract Costs for the E-2C Aircraft Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ortiz JA. New graduate nurses’ experiences of what accounts for their lack of professional confidence during their first year of practice. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Scott M, Kanter J. E.U. Ruling Said to Aim at Tax Policy for Apple. New York Times 2016:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences
Abbreviation	Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1607-551X
Scope	General Medicine