How to format your references using the Journal of Visualized Experiments citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Visualized Experiments. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fujishima, A. Comment on “efficient photochemical water splitting by a chemically modified n-TiO2” (I). Science (New York, N.Y.). 301 (5640), 1673; discussion 1673 (2003).

A journal article with 2 authors

Rammig, A., Mahecha, M.D. Ecology: Ecosystem responses to climate extremes. Nature. 527 (7578), 315–316 (2015).

A journal article with 3 authors

van den Heuvel, M.G.L., de Graaff, M.P., Dekker, C. Molecular sorting by electrical steering of microtubules in kinesin-coated channels. Science (New York, N.Y.). 312 (5775), 910–914 (2006).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hu, L. et al. Plant iron acquisition strategy exploited by an insect herbivore. Science (New York, N.Y.). 361 (6403), 694–697 (2018).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. (2010).

An edited book

Sandkuhl, K. Enterprise Modeling: Tackling Business Challenges with the 4EM Method. Springer. Berlin, Heidelberg. (2014).

A chapter in an edited book

Curry, G.L., Feldman, R.M. Multiple-Stage Single-Product Factory Models. Manufacturing Systems Modeling and Analysis. 125–157 (2011).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Visualized Experiments.

Blog post

Luntz, S. NASA Tests Flying Saucer For Mars. IFLScience. at <https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-tests-flying-saucer-mars/> (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Aviation Safety: Unresolved Issues Involving U.S.-Registered Aircraft. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC. (1993).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pham, M.M.-X. Flymed Pharmacy, LLC, Home Delivery Services a Business Plan (2017).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. Mets Thank Troops In a Meaningful Setting. New York Times. B11 (2011).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^{1, 2}.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Visualized Experiments
Abbreviation	J. Vis. Exp.
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Chemical Engineering General Immunology and Microbiology General Neuroscience