How to format your references using the Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

L. Helmuth, NEUROSCIENCE: Synapses Shout to Overcome Distance, Science 289 (2000) 1273b.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

X. Li, J. Xu, Meta-analysis of the association between dietary lycopene intake and ovarian cancer risk in postmenopausal women, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4885.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A.F. Goncharov, V.V. Struzhkin, S.D. Jacobsen, Reduced radiative conductivity of low-spin (Mg,Fe)O in the lower mantle, Science 312 (2006) 1205–1208.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

E.A. Ottesen, J.W. Hong, S.R. Quake, J.R. Leadbetter, Microfluidic digital PCR enables multigene analysis of individual environmental bacteria, Science 314 (2006) 1464–1467.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T.T. Ahonen, T. Kasper, S. Melkko, 3G Marketing, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2005.

An edited book

[1]

W.D. Heiss, ed., Quantum Dots: a Doorway to Nanoscale Physics, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Recher, K.S. Lang, Innate (Over)immunity and Adaptive Autoimmune Disease, in: A. Radbruch, P.E. Lipsky (Eds.), Current Concepts in Autoimmunity and Chronic Inflammation, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006: pp. 89–104.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation.

Blog post

[1]

D. Andrew, This Fungus Can Instantly Induce An Earth-Shattering Orgasm, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/even-fungus-can-give-woman-orgasm/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Compensatory Education: Chapter 1’s Comparability of Services Provision, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

L.W. Schiffbauer, The pursuit of self-esteem: A help or a hindrance in thriving in the workplace?, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Harney, A Hack for Dissidents: Cover the Phone’s Lens, New York Times (2016) A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Abbreviation	J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent.
ISSN (print)	1047-3203
Scope	Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering Media Technology